18 



THE MAMMALIA. 



TABLE OF THE ORDERS, FAMILIES, AND TRIBES 



OF THE MAMMALIA. 



APES AND MONKEYS (Simice}. 



Tropical mammals more or less like man, with complete 

 dentition, opposable thumb and great toe (Quad- 

 rumana), cup-shaped closed bony orbit, two pectoral 

 mammae, and discoidal placenta. 



(A) MONKEYS OF THE OLD WORLD (Catarrhince). With 

 32 teeth and narrow septum between the nostrils, 

 which are directed somewhat forwards. 

 ANTHROPOID APES (Anthropomorplue). Tailless, with 

 naked face somewhat resembling that of man; 

 body covered with long hairs. 



BLACK ANTHROPOID APES (Troglodytes). With fore- 

 limbs reaching no further than the ankles, and 

 thirteen pairs of ribs; natives of Africa. 



RED ANTHROPOID APES (Simla). With very long 

 arms and twelve pairs of ribs ; natives of the East 

 Indies. 



GIBBONS (Hylobates). Asiatic arboreal apes, with 

 extraordinarily long arms and hands, and small 

 naked spots on the buttocks. 



TAILED MONKEYS (Caudata). With more or less 

 developed tail, ischial callosities, and mostly also 

 cheek-pouches. 



SEMNOPITHECI. Arboreal monkeys of slender shape, 

 with well-developed thumbs, long tails, a com- 

 pound stomach of three parts, and sometimes with, 

 sometimes without, cheek-pouches. 



COLOBI. African forms resembling the Semnopitheci, 

 but with more powerful jaws and much reduced 

 thumb, and without cheek-pouches. 



GUENONS (Cercopithecus). African monkeys with 

 simple stomach, cheek-pouches, long tail, large 

 thumb, and moderately long limbs. 



MACAQUES (Macacus). With a solitary exception 

 Asiatic monkeys, with a rather thickset frame, pro- 

 truding muzzle, tolerably powerful jaws, simple 

 stomach, cheek-pouches, and a tail which never 

 grows longer than the whole body. 



BABOONS ( Cynocephalus). Large, chiefly African, ter- 

 restrial forms, with dog-like muzzle, powerful limbs, 

 and dentition like that of a carnivore. 



(B) MONKEYS OF THE NEW WORLD (Platyrrhinte). 



With 36 teeth and broad nasal septum; the 

 nostrils directed sidewards; ischial callosities 

 and cheek-pouches always absent. 



NAKED-TAILED MONKEYS (Gymnurte). The long 

 and powerful tail has at least the last third 

 naked on the under surface, where it is covered 

 with rough skin; and the tail serves as an organ 

 of touch and prehension. 

 THE HOWLERS (Mycetes). 

 THE WOOLLY MONKEYS (Lagothrix). 

 THE SPIDER MONKEYS (Atcles). 



THE SAJOUS (Cebida). Tail long and strong, com- 

 pletely covered with hair, and serving only as 

 an organ of prehension (not of touch). 



THE SAKIS (Aneturce). Tail of various length, the 

 vertebras not increasing in size towards the ex- 

 tremity; never used for prehension. 



(C) THE CLAWED MONKEYS {Arctopitheci). With 32 



teeth, fore-paws without an opposable pollex 

 (thumb), all the digits except the hallux (great 

 toe) provided with claws. 



THE PROSIMIANS (Prosimii). 



Climbing animals with complete dentition, opposable 

 thumb and great toe (Quadrumana), bony orbit not 

 closed behind, mostly more than two teats, and with 

 a campanulate (diffuse) placenta. 

 THE PROSIMIANS OF MADAGASCAR. 



THE LEMURS (Leimiridd). ) Distinguished by their 

 THE INDRIS (fndrisida). i dentition : see text. 

 THE AYE-AYE. A single species forming a family 

 by itself, with a peculiar dentition like that of 

 a rodent, and with a very long middle digit on 

 the fore-foot. 

 THE AFRICAN PROSIMIANS. 



THE POTTO FAMILY (Pterodictida). A family with 



small ears, short tail, and rudimentary index. 

 THE GALAGO FAMILY (Galagonida). Composed of 

 a single genus with long ears and tail, digits 

 complete, and all provided with flat nails, except 

 the second digit of the hind foot, which carries 

 a claw. 



