THE CONTENTS. 



INTRODUCTION. 



General Characters of the Vertebrata, .... 

 Different Types of the Vertebrata, .... 



Comparison of Vertebrate Types, 



Position of the Mammalia in the Sub-kingdom Verte- 

 brata, 



The Mammalian Structure, 



General Characters, ....... 



Special Characters : 



The Skin and its Modifications, Hair, Nails, Super- 

 ficial Glands, Milk Glands, .... 



The Skeleton: Skull, Limbs, Shoulder-girdle, Fore- 

 and Hind-limbs, the Hand; Position of the 



Limbs in Walking, 



The Teeth: their Structure, Milk and Permanent 

 Teeth, Dental Formulas, Perfecting of the 

 Dental Systems during the Evolution of the 

 Ancestry of the present Mammals, . 



Reproduction in the Mammalia, 



Distribution in Space of the Mammalia, 



Subdivision of the Mammals based on the presumed 



order of Evolution, 



Presumable Relations of existing Placental Orders to 

 a Marsupial Ancestry as shown by the Dental 

 Characters, . . 



PACE 

 I 



I 

 2 



2 

 2 

 2 



6 

 ii 



12 

 14 



16 



Table of the Orders, Families, and Tribes of the 



Mammalia, 18 



Note on Geological Points referred to in this Work, . 22 

 Geological Table of the Main Rock-systems into which 



the Crust of the Earth is divided, .... 23 



APES AND MONKEYS (SIMI/E). 



Introduction, 



Monkeys of the Old World (Catarrhinae), 

 ANTHROPOID APES (Anthropomorphas), . 

 Black Anthropoid Apes (Troglodytes), . 



Chimpanzee (Troglodytes niger), 

 Chego (Troglodytes Tchego), 

 Gorilla (Troglodytes gorilla), 



Red Anthropoid Apes (Sitnia), 



Orang-utang or Mias (Simia satyrus), 



25 

 32 

 32 

 32 

 33 

 35 

 35 



36 

 36 



Gibbons (Hylobates), 39 



Siamang (Hylobates syndactylus), ... 40 



Hoolock (Hylobates leuciscus (hoolock)), . . 41 



White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar), . . 42 



TAILED MONKEYS (Caudatas), 42 



Semnopitheci, ........ 46 



Entellus Monkey or Hunuman (Semnopithecus 



entellus), 46 



Proboscis Monkey or Kahau (Semnopithecus 



nasica), 47 



Colobi, 48 



Guereza (Colobus guereza), 48 



The Guenons (Cercopithecus), 48 



Talapoin (Myiopithecus talapoin), ... 48 



Diana Monkey (Cercopithecus diana), . . 48 



Mona (Cercopithecus mona), .... 48 



Mangabey or Moorish Monkey, .... 48 

 Hussar or Nisnas Monkey (Cercopithecus pyr- 



rhonotus), 48 



Green Guenon (Cercopithecus sabaeus), . . 49 



Macaques (Macacus), ...... 49 



Java Monkey (Macacus cynomolgus), . . 51 

 Boonder (Macacus rhesus), . . . -5' 



Wanderoo (Macacus silenus), . . . 51 



Magot (Inuus ecaudatus), 52 



Baboons (Cynocephalus), . . . . -53 



Black Ape (Cynocephalus niger), S5 



Gelada (Cynocephalus gelada), .... 55 



Arabian Baboon (Cynocephalus hamadryas), . 55 



Common Baboon (Cynocephalus Babuin), . . 57 

 Chacma or Pig-faced Baboon (Cynocephalus 



porcarius), 57 



Guinea Baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), . . 57 



Mandrill (Cynocephalus Maimon), ... 59 



Drill (Cynocephalus leucophaeus), ... 59 



Monkeys of the New World (Platyrrhinoe), ... 60 



NAKED-TAILED MONKEYS (Gymnurae), ... 62 



The Howlers (Mycetes), 62 



Red Howling Monkey (Mycetes seniculus), . 63 



The Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix), .... 64 



Barrigudo (Lagothrix Humboldti), ... 64 



The Spider-monkeys (Ateles), .... 64 



Miriki (Ateles criodes), 64 



