Vlll CONTENTS. 



CHAP. Page 



12. Turtles ; the various kinds of turtles, and how they are caught 377 



13. Who first invented the art of cutting tortoise-shell 379 



14. Distribution of aquatic animals into various species ib. 



15. Those which are covered with hair, or have none, and how they 



bring forth. Sea-calves, or phocae 380 



16. How many kinds of fish there are .. 381 



17. Which of the fishes are of the largest size 382 



18. Tunnies, cordyla, and pelamides, and the various parts of them 



that are salted. Melandrya, apolecti, and cybia , 385 



19. The aurias and the scomber 386 



20. Fishes which are never found in the Euxine ; those which enter 



it and return 387 



21. Why fishes leap above the surface of the water 390 



22. That auguries are derived from fishes 391 



23. What kinds of fishes have no males ib. 



24. Fishes which have a stone in the head ; those which keep them- 



selves concealed during winter ; and those which are not taken 



in winter, except upon stated days 392 



25. Fishes which conceal themselves during the summer ; those which 



are influenced by the stars 396 



26. The mullet .. 397 



27. The acipenser . . . . 398 



28. The lupus, the asellus 399 



29. The scarus, the mustela 400 



30. The various kinds of mullets, and the sargus that attends them.. 401 



31. Enormous prices of some fish 403 



32. That the same kinds are not everywhere equally esteemed . . . . 404 



33. Gills and scales 405 



34. Fishes which have a voice. Fishes without gills 406 



35. Fishes which come on land ; the proper time for catching fish . . ib. 



36. Classification of fishes, according to the shape of the body . . . . 407 



37. The fins of fish, and their mode of swimming 408 



38. Eels 409 



39. The murena ib. 



40. Various kinds of flat fish 411 



41. The echeneis, and its uses in enchantments .412 



42. Fishes which change their colour 414 



43. Fishes which fly above the water the sea-swallow the fish that 



shines in the night the horned fish the sea-dragon . . . . 415 



44. Fishes which have no blood. Fishes known as soft fish .. .. 416 



45. The ssepia, the loligo, the scallop 417 



46. The polypus ib. 



47. The nautilus, or sailing polypus 419 



48. The various kinds of polypi ; their shrewdness ib. 



49. The sailing nauplius 422 



50. Sea-animals which are enclosed with a crust ; the cray-fish .. 423 



51. The various kinds of crabs; the pinnotheres, the sea urchin, . 



cockles, and scallops 424 



52. Various kinds of shell-fish 428 



53. What numerous appliances of luxury are found in the sea . . . . 429 



