Chap. 2.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 5 



and after that a people of the Cappadocians, the towns of Ga- 

 ziura 34 and Gazelum, 33 the river Halys, 36 which runs from the 

 foot of Mount Taurus through Cataonia and Cappadocia, the 

 towns of Gangre 37 and Carusa, 38 the free town of Amisus, 39 

 distant from Sinope one hundred and thirty miles, and a gulf 

 of the same name, of such vast extent 40 as to make Asia assume 

 the form of a peninsula, the isthmus of which is only some 

 two hundred 41 miles in breadth, or a little more, across to the 

 gulf of Issus in Cilicia. In all this district there are, it is 

 said, only three races that can rightly be termed Greeks, the 

 Dorians, the lonians, and the JEolians, all the rest being of 

 barbarian origin. 42 To Amisus was joined the town of Eupa- 

 toria, 43 founded by Mithridates : after his defeat they were 

 both included under the name of Pompeiopolis. 



arising from the circumstance of a small tribe bearing the name of Cap- 

 padocians, having settled on its banks, between whom and the Paphlago- 

 nians it served as a limit. 



34 On the river Iris. It was the ancient residence of the kings of 

 Pontus, but in Strabo's time it was deserted. It has been suggested that 

 the modern Azurnis occupies its site. 



35 In the north-west of Pontus, in a fertile plain between the rivers 

 Halys and Amisus. It is also called Gadilon by Strabo. D'Anville 

 makes it the modern Aladgiam ; while he calls Gaziura by the name of 

 Guedes. 



36 Now called the Kisil Irmak, or Red River. It has been remarked 

 that Pliny, in making this river to comedown from Mount Taurus and 

 flow at once from south to north, appears to confound the Halys with one 

 of its tributaries, now known as the Izchel Irmak. 



37 Its site is now called Kiengareh, Kangreh, or Changeri. This was 

 a town of Paphlagonia, to the south of Mount Olgasys, at a distance of 

 thirty-five miles from Pompeiopolis. 



38 A commercial place to the south of Sinope. Its site is the modern 

 Gherseh on the coast. 



39 Now called Eski Samsun ; on the west side of the bay or gulf, an- 

 ciently called Sinus Amiseiius. According to Strabo, it was only 900 

 stadia from Sinope, or 112J Roman miles. The walls of the ancient city 

 are to be seen on a promontory about a mile and a half from the modern 

 town. 



40 He means the numerous indentations which run southward into the 

 coast, from the headland of Sinope to a distance of about one degree to 

 the south. 



41 On examining the map, we shall find that the distance is at least 300 

 miles across to the gulf of Issus or Iskenderoon. 



42 Not speaking the Greek language. 



43 A part of it only was added to Eupatoria ; and it was separated from 

 the rest by a wall, and probably contained a different population from that 



