Chap. 21.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 41 



hundred and ninety-nine ; from thence to the city of the 

 Arachosii, 28 five hundred and sixty-five ; from thence to 

 Ortospanum, 29 one hundred and seventy-five; and from 

 thence to the city built by Alexander, 30 fifty, miles. In some 

 copies, however, the numbers are found differently stated ; 

 and we find this last city even placed at the very foot of 

 Mount Caucasus ! Erom this place to the river Cophes 31 and 

 Peucolaitis, a city of India, is two hundred and thirty-seven 

 miles ; from thence to the river Indus and the city of Tax- 

 ilia 32 sixty ; from thence to the famous river Hydaspes 33 one 

 hundred and twenty ; and from thence to the Hypasis, 34 a 

 river no less famous, two hundred and ninety miles, and three 

 hundred and ninety paces. This last was the extreme limit 

 of the expedition of Alexander, though he crossed the river 

 and dedicated certain altars 35 on the opposite side. The dis- 

 patches written by order of that king fully agree with the 

 distances above stated. 



The remaining distances beyond the above point were as- 

 certained on the expedition of Seleucus Nicator. They are, 

 to the river Sydrus, 36 one hundred and sixty-eight miles ; to 

 the river Jomanes, the same ; some copies, however, add 



28 See c. 25 of the present Book. 



29 A town placed by Strabo on the confines of Bactriana, and by Ptolemy 

 in the county of the Paropanisidae. 



30 See c. 25 of the present Book. 



31 See c. 24 of the present Book. 



32 The present Attok, according- to D'Anville. 



33 One of the principal rivers of that part of India known as the Pun- 

 jaub. It rises in the north-western Himalayan mountains in Kashmerc, and 

 after flowing nearly south, falls into the Acesines or Chenab. Its present 

 most usual name is the Jheluni. 



3i The most eastern, and most important of the five rivers which water 

 the country of the Punjaub. Rising in the western Himalaya, it flows in 

 two principal branches, in a course nearly south -west (under the names re- 

 spectively of Vipasa and Satadru), which it retains till it falls into the 

 Indus at Mittimkote. It is best known, however, by its modern name of 

 Sutlej, probably a corrupt form of the Sanscrit Satadru. 



35 See c. 18 of the present Book. The altars there spoken of, as con- 

 secrated by Alexander the Great, appear to have been erected in Sogdianu, 

 whereas those here mentioned were dedicated in the Indian territory. 



36 It does not appear that this river has been identified. In most of 

 the editions it is called Hesidrus ; but, as Sillig observes, there was a town 

 of India, near the Indus, called Sydros, which probably received its name 

 from this river. 



