Chap. 25.] ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, ETC. 57 



relative to the four Satrapies, of which we have postponed 

 further mention 12 till the present occasion. 



(23). After passing the nations in the vicinity of the Indus, 

 we come to the mountain districts. The territory of Capi- 

 sene formerly had a city, called Capisa, 13 which was destroyed 

 hy Cyrus. Arachosia 14 has a river and a city of the same 

 name ; the city was built by Semiramis ; by some writers 

 it is called Cophen. The river Erymanthus 15 flows past 

 Parabeste, 16 which belongs to the Arachosii. Writers make 

 the Bexendrusi come next, forming the boundary of the 

 Arachotae on the southern side, and of the Paropanisadae on 

 the north. The city of Cartana 17 lies at the foot of Cau- 

 casus; in later times it has been called Tetragonis. 18 This 

 region lies over against that of the Bactri, who come next, 

 and whose chief city is Alexandria, 19 so called from the 

 name of its founder. We then come to the Syndraci, 30 the 



12 Mentioned already, towards the conclusion of c. 23 of the present 

 Book. See p. 51. 



13 This place was included in the district of the Paropanisus or Hindoo 

 Koosh. It is doubtful whether Pliny is correct in saying that it was de- 

 stroyed by Cyrus, as we have no reason for supposing that he ever 

 advanced so far to the north-east. It is supposed by some that Capisene 

 represents the valley of the Kabul river, and Capisa the town on the 

 Indus, now known as Peshawar. Lassen, in his researches, has found in 

 the Chinese annals a kingdom called Kiapiche, in the valley of Ghurbend, 

 to the east of Bamian. It is not improbable that Capisa and Kiapiche 

 were different forms of the same name. 



14 See the Notes in p. 50. 



15 The principal river of Drangiana, which rises in the lower range of the 

 Paropanisus or Hindoo Koosh, and enters Lake Zarah. Its present name 

 is Ilmend or Helmend. Burnouf has supposed it to be the same as the 

 Arachotus ; but Professor Wilson is of opinion that the Arachotus was 

 one of the tributaries of the Erymanthus or Eryniandrus, and probably 

 the modern Arkand-Ab. 



16 Parisot takes the meaning of this word to be "valley," and is of 

 opinion that it is the modern Chabul ; not to be confounded, however, 

 with the country of Cabul, to the east of which it is situate. 



17 Now called Birusen, according to Parisot, and not the city of Cabul, 

 as supposed by Hurdouin. 



18 Or the k< four-cornered city." 



19 This place has not been identified. It has been suggested that it is 

 the same as the modern city of Candahar ; but that was really Alexandria 

 of the Paropanisad*, quite a different place. 



20 Inhabiting the district now called Arassen, according to Parisot. 



