Chap. 57.] THE INVENTORS OF VARIOUS THINGS. 231 



of the same country, the double-pipe. 22 Amphion invented 

 the Lydian measures in music ; Thamyris the Thracian, the 

 Dorian, and Marsyas the Phrygian, the Phrygian style. 23 Am- 

 phion, or, according to some accounts, Orpheus, and according 

 to others, Linus, invented the lyre. 24 Terpander, adding three 

 to the former four, increased the number of strings to seven ; 

 Simonides added an eighth, and Timotheus a ninth. 25 Tha- 

 myris was the first who played on the lyre, without the ac- 

 companiment of the voice ; and Amphion, or, as some saj', 

 Linus, was the first who accompanied it with the voice. 

 Terpander was the first who composed songs expressly for the 

 lyre ; and Ardalus, the Trcezenian, was the first who taught 

 us how to combine the voice with the music of the pipe. 26 

 The Curetes taught us the dance in armour, 27 and Pyrrhus, the 

 Pyrrhic dance, both of them in Crete. 



We are indebted to the Pythian oracle for the first heroic 

 verse.* 8 A veiy considerable question has arisen, as to what 

 was the origin of poetry ; it is well known to have existed 

 before the Trojan war. Pherecydes of Scyros, in the time 

 of King Cyrus, was the first to write in prose, and Cadmus, 

 the Milesian, was the first historian. 29 



22 It was not uncommon for two " tibiae," or pipes, to be played upon 

 by one performer at the same time, one being held in each hand. 



23 Apuleius, Flor. B. i. c. 4, characterizes the different kinds of music, termed 

 " moduli" by Pliny, as follows : the JEolian, as simple, the Asiatic varied, 

 the Lydian plaintive, the Phrygian solemn, and the Doric warlike. B. 



24 According to the mythological traditions, Mercury, when a child, 

 found the shell of a tortoise on the banks of the Nile, and made it into a 

 lyre, by stretching three strings across ; he presented it to Apollo, and 

 he gave it to Orpheus, who added two strings to it ; after the death of 

 Orpheus, his lyre was placed among the stars, and forms the constellation 

 still known by that name. B. 



25 He was a native of Miletus, and contemporary with Philip, the father 

 of Alexander the Great. The fact of Timotheus having accompanied 

 Alexander in his expedition to Asia, which forms the basis of Dryden's 

 immortal Ode, is not supported by any historical authority. B. 



26 Pausanias (Corinth) informs us, that he was the son of Vulcan, and 

 invented the tibia, but he does not mention his vocal powers. B. 



27 According to Hardouin, the first of these, the " saltatio armata," or 

 " armed dance," was performed on foot, and with wooden armour ; the 

 second, the Pyrrhic dance, was performed on horseback, and consisted in 

 the dextrous management of the animals. Pyrrhus, from whom the danca 

 received its name, was the son of Achilles. B. 



28 The honour of the invention has been given to Phemonoe, a priestess 

 of the oracle of Delphi. B. 



29 Apuleius, Flor. B. ii. c. 15, says that Pherecydes was the first to dis- 



