CH. I.] METAMORPHOSES OF INSECTS. 19 



On examining a chrysalis we are enabled to dis- 

 cover, without difficulty, the eyes of the butterfly, 

 as well as its wings, which are of a small size, and 

 folded upon the sides ; in addition to which, there 

 are to be observed, arising from the head and lying 

 upon the breast, several slender divisions, which, on 

 being more minutely examined, are discovered to be 

 the two filaments of the tongue or proboscis, the 

 legs, and the antennae, which are the outermost pair, 

 shown in the figure, are distinctly articulated along 

 their whole length, and are thickened towards the 

 tip ; the joints of the abdomen are all likewise 

 plainly indicated by the various indentations of the 

 abdomen. The hinder legs and wings are not dis- 

 coverable, because they lie under the preceding 

 pairs of those organs. The chrysalides of all but- 

 terflies are termed angular, from the various an- 

 gular projections upon different parts of their bodies, 

 while those of moths are termed conical, from not 

 exhibiting any of those projecting tubercles. 



Of these projections, the most remarkable in the 

 common butterflies is one which is situated in the 

 middle of the back, between the wings, of a trian- 

 gular form, having on each side a smaller elevated 

 black point, so that by giving a little stretch to the 

 imagination, a person might easily consider these to 

 represent the nose and eyes, as indeed some authors 

 have done ; " Nay," says Swammerdam, " they 

 have given drawings of their idle conceits," evident- 

 ly referring to the figures given by Gcedart in his 

 work " De Insectis," published in 1685, from which 

 we copy the first of the following figures of the 

 chrysalis of the red admiral butterfly (Vanessa ata- 

 lanta), which certainly resembles a lady in a plaited 

 tippet, this portion of the dress being formed by the 

 nerves of the wings of the chrysalis. The other 

 and more accurate figure shows that this author 

 mistook the projections on the back of the chrysa- 

 lis for its face, and we are thus enabled to obtain 



