16 A TREATISE ON .NUT CULTURE. 



made conquests and established colonies they planted these nuts, and it was 

 thus that -the species was taken to England, where the Anglo-Saxons gave it 

 the name " walnut," which means " foreign nut." 



It is the best of all the family, but unfortunately in a large part of North 

 America it is liable to injury by cold winters. In New York it is grown with 

 difficulty and can scarcely be said to be successful. However, it may be wise 

 to give it further trial in protected places. 



As with other nut trees, there has been much trouble with the untimely 

 blooming of the flowers of the two sexes, or a partial or entire lack of those 

 producing pollen. Some varieties bloom so early as to be caught by frost. 

 There are many named kinds of marked excellence, which have long been 

 grown in France, and to some extent in other countries. If any attempt to 

 cultivate this nut in New York the following varieties give promise of doing 

 the best: Chaberts, Franquette, Mayette, Praeparturiens and Serotina. 



Asiatic There are three species in this country, recently intro- 



WalflUtS duced direct from Asia, that are worthy of general 



trial in New York. They all seem to be hardy, thrifty 

 and productive. Juglans Seiboldiana, J. Cordiformis, J. Mandchurica. 



Hints On There is no doubt that nut trees are hard to graft and 



Grafting and ^ud, or ' at least > tllat tne proper methods are not well 



Budding" Nut understood. Few persons have succeeded quite well, 



Trees anc ^ so ^ ar as * s known, this success is attributable to 



. having practiced upon the following principles. , 



Evaporation of the sap or scion or bud should be prevented until the union 

 has taken place with the stock. To accomplish this, it is best to hold back the 

 scions by securely wrapping them in moss or other soft material and placing 

 the package in a damp refrigerator or in the sawdust of an ice-house until the 

 circulation of the sap in the stock has become active. Then, graft just under 

 the ground and bank up with moist earth nearly to the top of the scion. All 

 the work should be most carefully done. Waxing is not necessary in under- 

 ground grafting, but in top grafting special care should be given to covering 

 the wound thoroughly. 



A very important point in preparing the scion for cleft grafting is, that the 

 wedge should be so made that the pith is all on one side and not in the center 

 of the wedge, as it usually is, for the large pith of nut trees will otherwise 

 cause the scion to be fragile. 



Ring-budding is much better than shield-budding for nut trees. In any 

 style of budding the wrapping should be thoroughly done. 



The Pecan and other Hickories will grow when grafted on each other. 

 The European Chestnuts do best when grafted on seedlings of their own type. 

 The same is true of the American species; but the Japanese kinds seem to do 

 very well worked on our native stocks. 



