A TREATISE ON NUT CULTURE. 121 



PERSIAN WALNUT. 



Known, commercially, as the English Walnut, 

 Madeira nut. In America it is known as ' ' English 

 Walnut," to distinguish it from our native species. 

 In England it is. known as Madeira nut, proba- 

 bly because the nvts were formerly imported from 

 the Madeira Islands. The tree is a native of Asia, 

 and was introduced by the G -eeks from Persia into 

 Europe. From Greece to Rome, thence through- 

 out Continental Europe, and finally to England, 

 and grown extensively for its timber, which ente*red 

 largely into the manufacture of gun stocks and 

 furniture, it being susceptible of very high polish. 

 MADEIRA. It is reported as" much as ^"600 was paid for a 



single large tree in England, to be used for gun stocks. The introduction of 

 Black Walnut and Butternut timber very much reduced the price, and more 

 attention was given to the nuts. 



The Persian Walnut has been grown in the United States more than a cen- 

 tury, and until recently the plantings were confined to the Atlantic Coast, from 

 Massachusetts to Georgia, there being some very fine specimens in Philadel- 

 phia and New Jersey that produce good crops of very good-sized nuts. 



On the Pacific Slope the conditions are more favorable, though in the 

 northern portions, notwithstanding the tree makes good growth, it fails to pro- 

 duce nuts, probably on account of the bloom being imperfectly pollenized. 



The Persian Walnuts require rich, moist, well drained ground, and are 

 planted largely in the southern counties of California, the largest cultivated 

 orchard being seven hundred acres. 



Prooa2*ation ^^ e orcnar ds f Persian Walnuts have been generally 

 on their own roots, not grafted, though in some 



instances the California native Walnut has been used. This, as a stock, may 

 prove of value in the Gulf and Southern Atlantic States, where the Persian 

 Walnuts are subject to " root knot." 



They are readily propagated from seed, as previously described. By graft- 

 ing, the cleft graft is the usual style. 



