The Bell System Technical Journal 



Devoted to the Scientific and Engineering Aspects 

 of Electrical Communication 



EDITORIAL BOARD 



J. J. Carty Bancroft Gherardi F. B. Jcwctt 



E. B. Craft L. F. Morehouse O. B. Blackwell 



H. P. Charlesworth E. H. Colpitts 



R. W. King- Editor 



Published quarterly by the American Te'ephone andTelegraph Company, 



through its Information Department, in behalf of the Western Electric 



Company and the Associated Companies of the Bell System 



Address all correspDndence to the Editor 

 Information Departnnent 



AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY 



195 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y. 



Copyright, 1922. Applicatijn for Second Class Matter Pending 



50c. Per Copy il.SO Per Year 



Vol. I JULY, 1922 No. 1 



FOREWORD 



MODERN industry is characterized by the extent to which 

 scientific research and technique based on precise study have 

 contributed to its progress. So complete has been the adaptation 

 of and reliance on scientific research in many industries that it is 

 difficult at this time to visualize the state of affairs of two or three 

 decades ago, when substantially all industry on its technical side was 

 dependent for advancement on cut-and-try, rule-of-thumb, methods 

 of development. Today in many industries the management would 

 not think of embarking on a new project without consulting their 

 research engineers. 



Many industries have proved the benefits to be derived from the 

 utilization of that organized knowledge provided both in the fields 

 of the physical sciences and in those newer fields which have to do 

 with psychology and economics. There are still greater numbers of 

 industrial organizations where the adoption of scientific methods has 

 been slow. However, the time will undoubtedly come when every in- 

 dustry will recognize the aid it can derive from scientific research 

 in some form as it now recognizes its dependence for motive power 

 on steam or electricity rather than on muscular activity. 



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