A BRA UN TUBE HYSTERESIGRAPH 



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can not be determined analytically without more accurate knowledge 

 of the condenser conductance as a function of frequency. The value 

 of equation (12), therefore, lies chiefly in giving the distortion to be 



Fig. 9 — Distortion produced by the integrator and amplifier for an ideally 

 saturated material. 



expected along the saturation parts of the curve, where the curve is 

 made narrower in the B direction and in extreme cases crosses itself 

 as shown in Fig. 10. 



Fig. 10 — Distortion produced by the integrator and amplifier with a normally 



saturated material. 



The amount of the distortion will be estimated for the same circuit 

 constants as were used above, but with only three stages of the 

 amplifier. The distorted curve coincides with the ideal one at the 

 points a and a' , Fig. 9. At the point d, where co/ = ± 60°, we have 

 a = 1, /S = 1.05 and 7 = -84 for w/ = 60°; and « = 1, /3 = - 1.05, 



