WORLD-WIDE TELEPHONY 



489 



North America. The existing intercontinental telephone circuits of 

 the world are indicated in I'ig. 3. In this figure distinctions are made 

 between full time circuits and part time circuits, that is, those on which 

 terminal apparatus is shared by different points. A distinction is also 

 made between circuits which interconnect wire networks connecting 

 with 20,000 telephones or more, and those terminating in single 

 telephones or networks of less than 20,000 telephones. 



THE EXISTING DIRECT CONNECTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS: 



EUROPE TO AUSTRALIA AND JAVA 



NORTH AMERICA TO HAWAII 

 EASTERN ASIA TO JAVA 



AT PRESENT CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE AMERICAS AND 

 AUSTRALIA AND JAVA ARE ESTABLISHED BY WAY OF EUROPE 



•EXISTING DIRECT CONNECTIONS 

 • PROPOSED DIRECT CONNECTIONS 



Fig. 2 — International telephone relations as of January 1, 1932. 



There are at present 37 of these intercontinental circuits totalling 

 about 168,000 miles (280,000 kilometers) in length. All are radio cir- 

 cuits. One, in the New York-London group, is a long-wave circuit 

 operating at approximately 60 kilocycles; the others are short-wave cir- 

 cuits in the range between 6000 and 23,000 kilocycles. 



Europe and North America, which are the two largest highly 

 industrialized areas of the world, contain about 90 per cent, of the 

 world's telephones. It is natural that intercontinental telephone 

 business in volume should first develop between those two areas 

 Here service Is maintained on a 24-hour basis and a group of four 

 circuits is in use. Elsewhere, however, intercontinental connections 

 consist at the present time of a single circuit, or more frequently, 



