ANALYSIS OF THE IONOSPHERE 



469 



2.0 



2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 

 FREQUENCY (f) IN MEGACYCLES PER SECOND 



6.5 



7.0 



Fig. 4- — Example of characteristic or {h',f) curves, showing gap between £-branch 

 and F-branch, and crinkle in F-branch indicating presence of Fi-layer. Duplication 

 of curve due to earth's magnetic field (page 479). (Appleton.) 



CE 600 



z 400 

 ui 



Q 



2 300 



P 



< 



200 



< 



a. 100 

 > 







500 



1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 

 FREQUENCY IN KILOCYCLES PER SECOND 



Fig. 5 — Another example of {h', /) curve, showing gap and crinkle. 

 (Schafer and Goodall.) 



