392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [July, 



CEBITHIIDJE. 

 CIAVA Martyn. 



This genus has been used to cover certain species formerly re- 

 ferred to Potamides, by Jousseaume in 1884, 4 and by Dollfus and 

 Dautzenberg in 1899, 5 and for the group long known as Vertagus 

 by Dall in 1892. 6 The latter usage I find to be correct. In the 

 first volume of the Universal Conchology Martyn introduces Clava 

 for the Cerithiidce known to him a group which had previously 

 been referred to Murex by Linnaeus. He gives the following 

 species: 



Clava rugata Martyn (= Cerithium lineatum Lam.). 



Clava herculea Martyn (= Cerithium ebeninum Brug. ). 



Clava maculata Martyn (= Cerithium maculosum auct.). 



Clava rubus Martyn (=: Cerithium echinatum Ij&m.^). 



In following volumes of the same work, Martyn adds still other 

 forms of Clava. But it is obvious that a type for the genus must 

 be selected from species contained in his first volume. Now the 

 C. herculea of his list was made type of the genus Pyrazus by 

 Montfort in 1810,' under the name Pyrazus baudini Montf. C. 

 rubus falls into Cerithium as now restricted. 8 This leaves C. 

 maculata 9 and C. rugata to bear the name Clava. The two species 

 are not closely related, and the latter may be considered type of 

 Martyn' s genus. The name Vertagus, used for this group by many 

 authors, had no standing in binomial nomenclature until long after 

 the foundation of Clava. 



4 Bull Soc. Zool de France, IX, 1884, p. 191. 

 b Journ. de Conchyl., 1899, p. 2. 



6 Trans, Wagner Free Institute of Science, III, p. 290. 



7 Conch. Syst., II, pp. 458, 459. 



8 Cerithium was established by Bruguiere to contain species of Vertagus 

 and Potamides of authors, as well as the forms to which it is now restricted. 



Clava rubus of Martyn is the well-known Cerithium echinatum of La- 

 marck, which name it must replace. It is not the Cerithium rubus of English 

 monographers or of Tryon. who followed their error. Kobelt, in his mono- 

 graph in the new edition of Chemnitz's Conchylien Cabinet, p. 213, 

 quotes "C. rubus Pilsbry, Manual, IX, p. 103, PI. 23, fig. 9," as a synonym 

 of C. serratum Wood. I was not responsible for volume IX of the Man- 

 ual, my work beginning in volume X. With a "? " he also quotes "Clavus 

 rubus Martyn." But Martyn's Clava rubus was a totally different shell, 

 the C. echinatum of authors, a common Polynesian species. The failure on 

 the part of monographers to recognize this fact was due to want of care ; 

 neither the Universal Conchology nor Chenu's reprint have been consulted 

 by them. 



C. maculata is the "C. maculosum" of English monographers and of 

 Tryon ; another curious error. 



