THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 77 



more pyriform and of much better flavor than those of the oriental parent. 

 The calyx of hybrid fruits is sometimes persistent and sometimes deciduous. 

 The hybrids do not make good stocks and intergraft but poorly with the 

 common pear. Of all pear-trees, these are handsomest in growth when in 

 perfect health and make excellent ornamental trees. The strong, clean 

 growth, luxuriant green foliage, beautifully tinted in the autumn, resembles 

 the oriental rather than the occidental parent. It is doubtful whether 

 hybrid trees will attain the great size of those of the common pear, and 

 they seem to succumb to the ills of old age rather more quickly than those 

 of the European parent. The hybrid pears seem less well liked by the pestif- 

 erous San Jose scale than the common pear. The first flush of popularity 

 having passed, hybrid pears have found their proper place in American 

 pomology. They belong to the South and Middle West where the common 

 pear is illy adapted to the climate. In the North and on the Pacific slope, 

 pear-growers are wisely planting varieties the fruits of which are better 

 in quality. 



5. PYRUS USSURIENSIS Maximowicz 



1. P. ussuriensis Maximowicz Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 15:132. 1857. 



2. P. sinensis Decaisne Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb. 19:172. 1883. 



3. P. simonii Carriers Rev. Hort. 28. 1872. fig. 3. 



4. P. sinensis ussuriensis Makino Tokyo Bot. Mag. 22:69. 1908. 



Rehder says of P. ussuriensis, 1 " This species differs from the allied 

 species chiefly in the short stalk of the globose fruit with persistent calyx, 

 in the broad, often nearly orbicular, strongly setosely serrate leaves and in 

 the lighter yellowish-brown branches; the flower clusters are, owing to the 

 short stalks, rather dense and hemispherical, the petals are obovate and 

 rather gradually narrowed toward the base; the styles are distinctly pilose 

 near the base." 



Wilson, 2 describing. the vegetation of Korea, says of this species: 

 " Pyrus ^^ssuriens^s is abundant and this year is laden with fruit. On 

 some trees the fruit is wholly green, on others reddish on one side; the 

 length of the peduncle varies and the same is true of the leaf -structure ; 

 the calyx is persistent or deciduous often on fruits on the same branch." 



The habitat of this species is northern and northeastern China and 

 eastern Siberia. Manchuria, Korea, Amurland, and Ussurri are named 

 as regions in which it is most commonly found. A glance at the map shows 



'Rehder, Alfred Proc. Amer. Acad, Arts & Sci. 50:228. 1915. 

 'Wilson, E. H. Jour. Inter. Gar. Club 598. 1918. 



