310 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 



Black Hawk. i. Mag. Hort. 1:437. 1845. 



Exhibited before and reported on at various times by the Massachusetts and New 

 Haven Horticultural Societies as a baking variety. Probably a seedling of Governor 

 Edwards. 

 Black Huffcap. i. Hogg Fruit Man. 531. 1884. 



A well-known perry pear cultivated in Herefordshire and Worcestershire, Eng. Fruit 

 quite small, pyriform or oblong-ovate, olive-green on the shaded side and covered with 

 dull rusty red on the sun-exposed side; flesh yellowish-green, firm and very gritty. 

 Black Sorrel, i. Parkinson Par. Ter. 593. 1629. 



Described by Parkinson in 1629 as "a reasonable great long peare, of a darke red 

 colour on the outside." 



Black Worcester, i. Downing Fr'. Trees Am. 429. 1845. 2. Ibid. 702. 1869. 3. Hogg 

 Fruit Man. 531. 1884. 4. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fruits 160. 1920. 



Worster. 5. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629. 

 'Black Pear of Worcester. 6. Langley Pomona 133, PI. LXXI, fig. 2. 1729. 



Livre. 7. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:235. 1768. 8. Leroy Diet. Pom. 2:346. 1869. 



Iron Pear. 9. Cole Am. Fr. Book 174. 1849. 



The Romans cultivated a Pound Pear during the first century of the Christian era. 

 In 1652 Claude Mollet describes a Pound Pear. Several subsequent writers describe the 

 same pear as Livre, De Livre, or Poire de Livre. In Worcester, Eng., in the sixteenth 

 century a pear known as Black Worcester, Black Pear of Worcester, or Parkinson's Warden 

 came under general cultivation as a " Warden " or baking pear of which it forms the type. 

 These two pears appear to be identical. Mas makes Black Worcester a synonym of 

 De Livre, Hogg states that they very much resemble each other, the authors of Guide 

 Pratique de I' Amateur de Fruits list them as synonymous, and Bunyard says that he 

 believes that they are almost certainly identical. Black Worcester is retained as the 

 name of the variety because it is now most commonly used. Tree vigorous, hardy, bears 

 well as a standard; young shoots dark yellow-olive, diverging; branches inclining down- 

 ward with the weight of the fruit. Fruit large, obovate; skin thick, green, rough, nearly 

 covered with dark russet, occasionally with a dull tinge next the sun; calyx small, nearly 

 closed, set in a wide and rather deep basin; stem about an inch long, very stout, woody, 

 inserted without depression; flesh pale yellow, hard, crisp, coarse, flavorless, rather gritty; 

 a good cooking pear; Nov. to Feb. 

 Blackeney Red. i. Hogg Fruit Man. 531. 1884. 



A second-rate perry pear much used in Herefordshire, Eng. Fruit medium, obovate, 

 greenish- yellow, more or less deep red on the side next the sun; flesh firm, crisp, juicy and 

 mildly acid. 



Blanquet Anastere. i. Leroy Diet. Pom. 1:443, fig- l8 67- 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 

 703. 1869. 



Raised by M. Goubault, a nurseryman at Angers, Fr., in 1840. Fruit small, pyriform 

 but rather variable, form oblong to turbinate-ovoid, but always rather more swelled on 

 one side than on the other; color pale green in the shade, dotted with gray but passing to 

 greenish-yellow on the sun-exposed side which is also generally colored with vermilion; 



