332 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 



long, variable, sometimes rather like Calebasse in form but more usually obtuse-conic, 

 bright yellow though a little greenish, dotted all over with gray-brown and widely carmined 

 on the side opposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine and melting; juice sufficient; saccha- 

 rine, seldom much perfumed but with a delicate flavor; second; Aug. 

 Certeau d'Hiver. i. Leroy Diet. Pom. 1:540, fig. 1867. 2. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 

 2:248. 1768. 



Certeau d'Hiver, like Certeau d'Ete, originated, Charles Estienne, writing in 1540, 

 tells us, in the environs of Vitry-le-Frangais, in the French champagne country. Fruit 

 medium and sometimes less, long-turbinate, swelled and contracted at summit, sometimes 

 gourd-like in form, bright yellowish-green, dotted with fawn, washed with brown-red on 

 side touched by the sun; flesh yellowish- white, semi-fine, semi-breaking, gritty and somewhat 

 astringent; juice abundant, sugary, perfumed; third; Dec. to Apr. or May. 

 Cesile. i. Kenrick Am. Orch. 140. 1841. 



Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, globular, flattened at the apex, red-russeted; 

 flesh buttery; very good; Oct. 

 Chaigneau. i. Leroy Diet. Pom. 1:542, fig. 1867. 2. Guide Prat. 57. 1895. 



From a seed bed made in 1848 by Jacques Jalais, a nurseryman at Nantes, Fr., first 

 published in 1858. Fruit medium, turbinate-obtuse, yellowish-green, dotted with brownish- 

 gray; flesh white, melting; juice acidulous, sugary, refreshing, aromatic; first; Oct. 

 Chair-a-Dame. i. Duhamel Trait. Arb.Fr. 2:156, PI. XVI. 1768. 2. Leroy Diet. Pom. 

 1:543, fig. 1867. 



Le Lectier possessed in his garden at Orleans at the beginning of the seventeenth 

 century two strains of the Chair-a-Dame. One he called Chere-a-Dame tres-hastine, 

 and the other Chere-a-Dame. The first is very early in its ripening and the second much 

 later. Fruit medium or less, oblong-pyriform, bossed, fairly regular; skin thin, bright 

 yellow-green, very finely dotted with gray-russet and extensively carmined on the side next 

 the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking or semi-melting, watery, gritty at center; juice 

 abundant, saccharine, vinous, rarely very aromatic, sometimes slightly acid; second; Aug. 

 and Sept. 

 Chamness. i. Clingman Cat. 8. 1921. 



Originated with a Mr. Chamness of Timpson, Tex., possibly as a cross between Kieffer 

 and Bartlett, and was introduced in 1913. Fruit medium, smooth, yellow; flesh melting, 

 juicy, tender, sweet ; ripens last of August. 



Champ Riche d'ltalie. i. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:232. 1768. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 

 124. 1841. 3. Leroy Diet. Pom. 1:544, fig. 1867. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 545. 

 1884. 



Probably of Italian origin. Diel of Stuttgart devoted many pages of his Kern- 

 obstsorten to it in 1805 at which time he had received it from the neighborhood of Paris, 

 though it had already been known for a long while at Berlin. Fruit above medium and 

 often large, pyriform, always rather swelled below the central circumference, contracted 

 at the summit which is often nearly acute, greenish on the shady side, yellow-ochre on the 

 face exposed to the sun, dotted all over with brown specks; flesh whitish, semi-melting or 

 breaking, rather fine, free from grit, juicy, sweet and perfumed; first rate for cooking and 

 compotes but third for dessert. 



