Northern Texas, of cold, than V. cestivaiis. From V. bicolor it is at once separated by its much 

 larger berries and usually strongly shouldered clusters, in having cottony-tomentose leaves and 

 young wood, thicker diaphragms, more tapering and stocky vines, much larger seed, leaves 

 much less blue or glaucous beneath, by each occupying a different climate and region from the 

 other, by quicker and more vigorous germination of seed and by very much larger seed-leaves. 



7. VITIS BICOLOR, LeConte, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1852, p. 272, 1853. 

 (Regensb. Flora, 36, 708.) (See Plate XIII.) 



Synonym : 



V. argentifolia, Munson, Proc. S. P. A. S. 1887, p. 59, No. 15. 



"Fall Grape" in Illinois, "Blue Grape" in Ohio, "Winter Grape" in New York and Michigan. 



Plant: Climbing moderately, 20 to 40 feet. 



Roots: More fibrous and wiry than in other species of the series approaching T. vulpina, 

 somewhat in this. 



Wood : When young, cylindrical, smooth, crimson or reddish-green ; finely striated at maturity 

 and of a clear dark reddish-brown, having a light prunose bloom about the nodes, and occasionally 

 scattering glandular spines, short and black, easily rubbed away; outer bark shedding second 

 year in thin fibrous plates, permanent bark checking coarsely; annual wood dense, sectional 

 view showing rays numerous, with small pores between: nodes slightly bulging and bent: dia- 

 phragm 1/10' to 1/8' thick, biconcave; bud broad at base, conical, acute, covered closely with 

 reddish-brown scales beneath which is a layer of pale brown wool protecting the bud. whitish 

 wool at summit, medium, pinkish or rosy in expanding, open tipped; tendrils intermittent, or 

 occasionally several in succession, once or seldom twice forked, long, smooth, red when young, 

 brown when mature, persistent, clinging strongly. Internodes 3' to 6' or more long, sometimes 

 8' or 9'; pith rather large, somewhat enlarged at lower end, light brown. 



Leaves: Stipules minute, membranaceous; petiole, half the width of blade in length, striated, 

 usually smooth, with a very narrow pubescent groove on upper side, color generally red; blade 

 5' to 8', sometimes 10' or 11' broad by the same in length, broadly cordate or circular, or beauti- 

 fully palmately lobed; basal sinus acute, spreading, generally A shaped, sometimes D shaped, 

 with double curves, shoulders v^ry prominent; 3 to 5 lobed, sinuses between lobes acute or 

 rounded, lobes approaching; teeth of blade very shallow, convex, with small mucron, depressions 

 between mostly acute, never scalloped ; venation moderately prominent from the commonly 7 not 

 quite opposite pairs of ribs, along which latter more or less light pubescence is found, becoming 

 tufts in the forks, sometimes smooth; upper face smooth, of a lively very dark green; lower face 

 smooth, of a characteristic bluish-white appearance, caused by a prunose bloom or glaucous substance. 

 Leaves from ground shoots of old wood usually beautifully 5 to 7 lobed. 



Cluster: Fertile, 2^ 4 ' to 5%' or longer, generally slender, cylindrical, compact, with little or 

 no shoulder; peduncle 1 '4' to 2 :! t' in length; rachis smooth, covered thinly with a pale bluish- 

 green; pedicels '4" long, enlarging upward, warty or knotty; staminate cluster much larger 

 and diffuse. 



Flowers : Very similar to those of V. cestivalis. 



Berries: Generally 1/4' to 1/3' in diameter, spherical, black, with heavy prunose bloom, 

 making the fruit look bluish when ripe; persistent; pulp juicy and vinous sometimes, and a little 

 astringent when fully ripe, even in best varieties, but exceedingly pulpy, dry and astringent in 

 general. 



Seeds: Small to medium, 1/6' to 1/5' long, by 1/8' to 1/6' broad, color from light to dark 

 chocolate or slightly-burned coffee; beak short, fairly defined; raphe prominent in the groove, 

 about filling it and continuing well defined nearly to the beak; chalaza rather below the middle 

 of the back, prominent, or often sunken as in T. vulpina, nearly circular, surrounded by a distinct 

 groove which extends over the broad top of seed; depressions broad, short, curved, shallow, of a 

 lighter shade than body of seed, often salmon or chocolate color. 



Plantlet: Cotyledons small, ovate, with short taper or acute point, green. 



