Viticultural Observations and Remarks 



Germination very slow, later than V. Lincecumii; foliation medium to late; inflorescence, 

 late, about with V. (zslivalis, ripening of fruit after ALstivalis. 



Strong, robust, hardy to endure cold, enduring 30 degrees to 40 degrees in Wisconsin ; 

 is subject to attacks of leaf-folder and mildew to some extent. Cuttings root with difficult}'. 

 Vines prolific in fruit, a beautiful sight when loaded with the handsome, compact, long, ripe 

 clusters, screened by a dense canopy of leaves. It certainly offers the Northern experimenters 

 material, in combination with 1". vtilpina, I", labrusca, V. rupestris, V. Longii, and the hardier 

 varieties of V . Lincecumii, with which valuable strains of wine and table grapes may be produced. 



It is found naturally hybridized with 1'. %'nlpina, the chief species growing in the same region. 

 I have a vine sent me by Mr. David Allerton, of Marlborough, N. Y., said to have been found wild 

 there, that is clearly a hybrid of V. bicolor with V. labrusca, and another of similar character 

 with very good fruit, found wild in Western N. Y. by Mr. E. S. Bartholomew, Westfield, N. Y. 

 Mr. D. S. Marvin's No. 1, a fine little grape, seems to possess blood of this species to some extent. 

 Dr. Tinker, of New Philadelphia, O., has found a number of good varieties in his region, and is 

 hybridizing them with other species. 



It stands related to V. (zstivalis about as nearly as to V. Lincecumii; or comparatively as 

 V. Caribaa, and V. Berlandicri are to V . cinerea, and hence has equal need of being specifically 

 recognized. It appears pretty well separated in the regions west of the Alleghany and Cumber- 

 land mountains from V. (estivalis proper, which lies east and south of those mountains, by its 

 larger leaves, which are smooth bluish-white on under face, its greater hardiness, freedom from 

 rusty wool on all young wood, leaves and tendrils, which is invariably found on the true V . (Estvvalis ; 

 smaller berries generally, less shouldered clusters, heavy bloom on fruit, and later germination 

 of seed. In vineyard growth it appears even more different from V. cestwalis than V. Lince- 

 cumii (a). Its specific name is derived from the peculiar appearance of its foliage owing to the 

 contrast of the heavy bluish-white bloom of the under surface with the dark green of the upper 

 surface of leaves. 



It is found in Michigan to 45 degrees north latitude, also in Ontario, Wisconsin, Illinois, 

 Indiana, Ohio, Northern Kentucky, Western New York and Pennsylvania; in New Jersey, Mary- 

 land and Northern Virginia, where it has more or less rusty tomentum on young leaves and wood, 

 rarely in New York and New Jersey. The true rusty V . (zstivalis of Michaux takes its place 

 southward, from above named' regions, especially in Georgia and Tennessee. The transition to 

 \'. (Estivalis is gradual, going south. It is found mostly in rolling, dry sandy, or alluvial clay 

 soils mixed with sand, and especially loves sunny slopes. 



8. VITIS /ESTIVALIS, Michaux, Flora bor. Amer. 2, p. 230. (See Plate XIV.) 



Synonyms : 



V ' . Lacinosa and vim/era, var. Americana, Marsh. Arbust, pp. 165-6. 

 V. labrusca, Walter, p. 243. 

 V. vulpina, Poir, Dist. 8, p. 607. 



V. -vulpina, Jacq. Hort. Schoenb, 4, 13, t. 425 vide Regel. 

 V. labrusca, Planch. 1. c. 109. 

 V. Virginiana, Poir. Dist. 8, 608. 

 V. intermedia and labruscoides, Muhl. Cat. 26. 



"Summer Grape," in Tennessee, Virginia, Georgia, etc.; "Pigeon Grape" in New Jersey; 

 "Winter Grape" in New York. 



Plant: Medium to tall, climbing 30 to 50 feet; branches somewhat tapering; tips quite 

 naked, that is, not enveloped in slowly opening leaves, as in V. vulpina. 



Roots: Little fibrous, rather hard, penetrating, transversely wrinkled; in one year seedlings 

 enlarging downward from collar. 



