Wood: Cylindrical, rusty woolly when young, becoming smooth, bright reddish-brown on 

 maturity, with little prunose bloom near the joints and frequently on vigorous growing shoots 

 thinly beset with spinous pubescence as in 1". labrnsca; finely and evenly striated, hard and 

 dense, less than V. Lincecumii; nodes enlarged under the bud, little enlarged on the opposite 

 side; diaphragm 1/10' to 1/8' thick, biconcave; bud globose-conical, obtuse in young shoots, 

 acute in mature, covered with reddish-brown scales with reddish wool at summit in expanding, 

 medium, red rusty, open tip, pinkish ; tendrils intermittent, once or sometimes twice forked, 

 long, tomentose when young, soon becoming smooth, finely striated, same color as mature wood, 

 though green or reddish when young, persistent, strong; internodes medium to long, 2' to 4' or 

 even to 6' or more; pith medium, considerably enlarged at lower end, light brown. 



Leaves: Stipules small. 1/16' to 1/12' long, rather narrow, rusty woolly; petiole usually a 

 little less than half as long as width of blade, cylindrical, obscurely striated with narrow shallow 

 groove above, obscured with pubescence or rusty wool, or both; blade 4' to 7' in length, similar 

 to V. Lincecumii in general outline or more cordate; basal sinus deep acute A shaped to broad 

 A shaped, approaching, sometimes lapping, generally short, obtuse or acute; often 5 rarely 3 lobed, 

 lobes mostly acute, approaching around the rounded, rarely or never toothed lateral sinus; teeth 

 usually small, little elevated, slightly convex, with little or no mucron, notch between, obtuse 

 or scalloped; venation, from the 7 or 8, generally not quite opposite pairs of ribs, rather promi- 

 nent; ribs generally both pubescent and rusty woolly with pubescent tufts in forks; blade in unfold- 

 ing, rusty woolly, upper surface rusty hairy along veins when young, smooth and leathery rugose 

 with maturity, of a dark, moderately lively green color; lower side between ribs thinly or flocculcnilv 

 red rusty woolly. Ground shoots from old plants beautifully 5 to 9 lobed, being palmate, much 

 as in V . Lincecumii. 



Cluster : From 4' to 8' long, cylindrical, generally simple or with a moderate shoulder and often 

 a false tendril, the peduncle generally long; rachis pale cottony; pedicels thick, 1/4' long, enlarged 

 toward receptacle, with a few small warts. 



Flowers: Stamens in fertile flowers reflexed and bent laterally, stamens and pistil more 

 slender than in V . Lincecumii, self-sterile. 



Berries: 1/4' to 1/2' in diameter, small, spherical or oblate, black, with bloom when ripe, 

 persistent; skin thin, tough, with much coloring matter; pulp commonly dry, tough, acid, and 

 astringent, occasionally somewhat tender, juicy and rich in sugar. 



Seeds: 2 to 4, 1/6' to 1/4' long, by 1/8' to 1/6' broad; ovate, light to dark cinnamon color; 

 beak usually short, blunt, poorly defined, rarely sharp and distinct, when sharp and defined 

 it generally indicates a mixture with some other species as in Norton Virginia, which has a seed 

 strongly resembling V. cinerea. Raphe medium or inconspicuous as it passes top of seed, some- 

 times disappearing at the top but usually at or a little below the middle or inner face of seed; 

 chalaza generally small, circular or ovate at middle or above back of seed, surrounded by a 

 shallow groove which extends over top of seed, in some cases making it appear slightly lobed, 

 indicating admixture with V. labrusca; depressions shallow, irregular in depth, usually wide 

 apart; color little different from body of seed. 



Plantlet: Cotyledons small, ovate acute, green. 



Viticultural Observations and Remarks 



Germination medium to late; feeble; foliation, inflorescence and ripening late to very late,- 

 inflorescence after V. cordifolia and usually one to two weeks later than V. Lincecumii. 



Becomes vigorous after first year from seed; but "much less so than V. Lincecumii; endures 

 cold and drouth fairly, and resists mildew and rot well. Cuttings grow with great difficulty. 

 Sometimes found naturally hybridized with V. labrusca, V. cordifolia, V. Baileyana and V. cinerea 

 in Virginia and Georgia. 



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