Flowers: Fertile, on the majority of seedlings, with long, ascending stamens, rarely recurved, 

 hence are productive without aid of other pollen; ovary small; style rather long and slender; 

 stigma small. 



Berries: Small, generally 1/3' to 1/2' in diameter, rarely larger, spherical, color mostly dark 

 purple or pale red, and nearly white, as in Herbemont, Warren, Harwood and many seedlings 

 grown by the writer; very persistent; a Herbemont often produces exquisite translucent, pearly 

 white varieties from seed, rarely black, and almost all without coloring matter; skin very thin, 

 pliable, tough ; pulp very juicy and melting ; some Herbemont seedlings are rarely a little meaty, 

 as in Flame Tokay, of true V. mnifera; quality almost invariably fine, sprightly, vinous, and 

 rich in saccharine matter. 



Seeds: In a 1 to 3, small, 1/6' to 1/5' long, by 1/7' to 1/6' broad, ovate, dark chocolate color; 

 beak small, well defined, short, rather blunt or quite sharp as in Jacquez; raphe usually prominent 

 continuing distinctly to near the beak; in "Texas," a pure Herbemont seedling, the raphe is 

 invisible from the chalaza till it reaches inner face of seed; chalaza large, circular or oval, convex 

 or flat, rarely wanting, or nearly so, standing above middle of seed, in some pure Herbemont 

 seedlings quite at or near the top (a V. mnifera characteristic), surrounded by a distinct groove 

 which passes over top of seed; depressions shallow, nearly straight, close to raphe, of a lighter 

 color than body of seed. In b, number of seeds usually 1 to 2, or 3, larger than in a, of a lighter 

 color, usually same shape but more plump; beak small, well defined; raphe prominent in groove 

 which passes to or over top of seed and continues distinctly to beak; chalaza large, circular, 

 prominent but flat on top, surrounded by a distinct groove above center of seed, usually less 

 elevated than in a. 



Plantlet: Generally feeble, seed-leaves, small, green, ovate, acute apex, petiole 1/S'to 1/4'. 



Viticultural Observations and Remarks 



Germination: Medium to late, earlier and stronger in b than in a; foliation late, about with 

 V. (EstivaHs, inflorescence very late, generally -4 to 6 days later than V. (estivalis and V. Lincecumii; 

 ripens very late, after Norton Virginia and nearly all pure V. (estivalis. V. Lincecumii and 

 V. bicolor. Foliage matures very late, retaining its lively green color and holding on through the 

 long, hot Southern summers; varieties of both groups vigorous after second year from seed and 

 are long-lived in Southern States, enduring dro.uth remarkably well, but b much more subject 

 to drouth than a; much hardier for resisting cold than V. mnifera but much less so than either 

 V. asti-vaUs or V. Lincecumii; little subject to Mildew, Rot, Phylloxera or Leaf-folder, except in 

 the Lenoir (or Jacquez), Mildew, Anthrax and Black Rot are severe. Cuttings root with diffi- 

 culty in Herbemont and many of its seedlings ; easier in Jacquez, and especially fairly well in 

 all of b. Jacquez makes a fine, red wine. Many varieties of this species grow too vigorously 

 on strong soils, succeeding best on thin clay or sandy lands, but also do well in limy soils. The 

 French Jacquez is known generally in the South as Lenoir. 



A comparison of the preceding careful botanical description with V. cestivalis, in whose native 

 regions this type appeared first in the United States, according to published reports, will show 

 how distinct it is, and that taken with the following observations and history, make it conclusive 

 that it is not a native but an exotic, and is about mid-way between our V. astivalis or some forms 

 of V. Lincecumii and V. mnifera, with some V. cinerea characteristics. 



Though this group or species of grapes, from the evidences about to be cited, is certainly 

 not native, yet, owing to its long successful culture in the Southern States, and being considered 

 not only in this country but in Europe as a product of this country (see the Bushberg Catalogue, 

 1883, p. 16, and "Une Mission Viticole, pp. 119 and 120), and having been long classified as a 

 sub-species, or botanical variety of V. cestivalis, it is very proper to include it as one of our species 

 viticulturally. That it has specific characteristics, separate from other species, as well as from 

 V. mnifera proper, the analysis and description clearly prove. Formerly I had (in an address 

 delivered before the American Horticultural Society in New Orleans) supposed it to be a complex 



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