Texas to the Rio Grande, always, so far as known to me, where permanent moisture is reached 

 in a few feet. The species is reported to me by Dr. N. L. Britton, Botanist, Columbia College, 

 seen by him along streams among the mountains of South Pennsylvania. The species is not 

 reported as a wild vine to any extent north or south from the Ozark hills and mountains, which 

 are but the continuation of the Appalachian uplift by the way of the Cumberland Mountains, 

 westward in Southern Kentucky, Tennessee, Southern Illinois, Southern Missouri, Northwest 

 Arkansas, Oklahoma and Southwest Texas, with Llano County as about the center of the 

 southwestern extremity of the distribution. This is a remarkable range of some 1500 miles in 

 length and probably not over 200 miles in width on an average. Yet the species thrives exceed- 

 ingly in cultivation far northward and southward from its natural range. Why it has not spread 

 generally over the country as have most other species native of the same latitude, can only be 

 a matter of conjecture. A probable cause, appears to be the browsing of deer and buffalo which 

 formerly ranged over the more level parts of the country and which were very fond of it, and 

 the bushy habit of the species not allowing it to climb trees out of their reach. It is now rapidly 

 disappearing before the browsing of sheep and cattle, where a few years ago it was plentiful. 

 It succeeds well in very limy as well as sandy soils. 



Series IX. Muscadinia. Planchon 



25. VITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA, Michx. Flora Amer. 2, 231. (See Plate XXXV.) 



Synonyms : 



V. vulpina, Gray Manual, 1868, p. 78, fide Planch. 1. c. 109. 



V. vulpina, Young's Flora of Texas, 1873, p. 201. 



V. vulpina, Chapman, Flora, S. U. S., p. 71. 

 "Muscadine" or "Southern Fox Grape," "Bullace Grape/' "Bull Grape," "'Bullet Grape." 



Plant: Slender, climbing high. 



Roots: Thick, little branched, pale yellowish, wrinkled transversely, penetrating, intensely 

 pungent to taste. 



Wood: When young, angled, pale reddish or green, thinly silky, hairy at first, soon smooth, 

 becoming gray and -warty along their regular obscure striae ; mature outer as well as inner bark 

 very persistent, non-fibrous; wood firm, nodes little bent and not swollen; pith and diaphragm 

 none; buds small, globular or sub-conical, reddish-brown, shining in unfolding, small rusty green, 

 tip closed; tendril simple, 4' to 6' long, having node and markings similar to V. Munsoniana, 

 red 01 green when young, persistent ; internodes 2' to 4' or more, circular or nearly so in section 

 first year, becoming oval second year; in place of pith a dense, dark green, cellular, non- fibrous 

 wood. 



Leaves: Stipules minute, 1/10', broader than long, truncate margin ciliate; petiole usually 

 longer than half the width of blade, sometimes nearly equal to entire width (very uncommon 

 in V. Munsoniana), narrowly and deeply grooved above, pubescent along obscure striae, usually 

 dull red, set at acute or right angle to blade, which hangs nearly perpendicularly; average 

 length of blade 2^', average width 3', shortest 2', longest 4^', narrowest 2', broadest 5', 

 general shape broadly cordate; basal sinus generally narrow A shaped, rarely closed, often 

 broad; blade never lobed, rarely shouldered, summit acute; teeth large, yet smaller than in 

 V. Munsoniana, but not so prominent, generally convex, sometimes mucronate, from 25 to 35 

 in number; venation from the generally 5, sometimes 6, pairs of ribs less prominent than in 

 V. Munsoniana; midrib and ribs thinly and minutely pubescent, with small pubescent tufts 

 in forks; surfaces both smooth and glossy, the upper surface much more wrinkled than in 

 V. Munsoniana, and of a darker green; texture more dense and leathery. 



Cluster: From node of tendril, smaller than V. Munsoniana, otherwise similar to it, except 

 that the peduncle and pedicels are shorter and thicker, and the latter more warty. 



104 



