This variety was a great pioneer in establishing the fact, that successful grape growing in 

 the Atlantic states must be built upon the native vines of the country. For nearly a century 

 the Catawba has been classified as a pure Labrusca variety, but a careful study of its botanical 

 characteristics, and its pure seedlings, of which many have been produced, its hybrid character 

 is surely revealed, as a combination of Labrusca and Vinifera. The wind or bees visiting foreign 

 vines in some garden in that region had carried pollen to wild vines in the woods, or vice versa, 

 and the hybridized seed carried and dropped by birds produced the Catawba, in all probability; 

 for it is well known history, that numerous European vines were planted in the South in its 

 early settlement. ( ' -j 5 ,,-). 



Vine vigorous, little subject to mildew, but sensitive to Anthracnose and Black Rot; flowers 

 perfect, cluster medium, conical; berries above medium, clear dark red, globose, skin thin, tough, 

 pulp rather tender, juicy, sprightly, with a slight muscat flavor, not foxy, seeds medium, much 

 resembles in vine, foliage and fruit some of Rogers' red hybrids. Ripens quite late, and hangs 

 to cluster and keeps well. An excellent table and wine grape. (See Plate L., page 158.) 



DIAMOND, produced by Jacob Moore, of New York, in 1873, by pollenizing Concord with 

 lona. ( * f). Vine vigorous, prolific, somewhat attacked by mildew, and much subject to Black Rot; 

 cluster large, compact, berry large, globular, yellowish, persistent, skin thin, sometimes cracking, 

 pulp tender, of excellent quality, much better than Niagara; ripens about with Delaware, vine 

 short-lived in the South. 



GOETHE, Rogers No. 1. ( ' f). Vine vigorous, productive, fairly healthy, but fruit 

 sensitive to the Black and White Rots. Cluster medium, rather open, berry ovoid, very large, 

 persistent, pale pinkish-red; pulp tender, highly flavored, very juicy and sprightly; ripens very 

 late and unevenly. 



HERBERT, Rogers No. 44. Wild Labrusca of Massachusetts, pollinated by Black Hamburg. 

 ( , f). Vine vigorous, healthy, and among the hardiest of this class, productive. Generally ranks 

 as the best of Rogers' black varieties; cluster medium to large, with short peduncle; berry very 

 large, black, globular, persistent; skin rather thick, pulp more tender than that of Concord and 

 quality better; ripens earlier, and remains in good condition longer, after ripening. 



HERNITO, a pure seedling of Herbert, produced by T. V. Munson, in 1900, with similar 

 cluster and larger berry, a more vigorous and healthy vine, ripening later, and evenly, doing 

 better than Concord. ( |). (See Plate LI., page 159.) 



ISABELLA, found as a chance seedling, in some garden, or in the vicinity of Dorchester, 

 South Carolina, before 1816, and about that time was taken North by Mrs. Isabella Gibbs, of 

 Brooklyn, .from whom W. R. Prince obtained it, and named it Isabella, in honor of Mrs. Gibbs. 

 It succeeded well in that region and soon spread throughout the country, and was generally 

 regarded by most writers on grapes, as a pure Labrusca variety, but botanical analysis and seed- 

 lings, as with the Catawba, reveal in it an element of Vinifera. ( ' f). Vine vigorous, prolific, 

 leaves large, very Labrusca-like, but subject to mildew, and the fruit to Black Rot. Cluster 

 large, compound (Vinifera character), berry large, ovoid, purplish-black, persistent; pulp tough, 

 of good quality, with little foxiness, but some Vinifera flavor; seeds large, showing plainly 

 Vinifera character in combination with Labrusca; ripens unevenly. 



The Union Village (renamed "Columbian" and "Columbian Imperial") is one of its 

 seedlings, having immensely large purple berries ripening very late and unevenly, with vine and 

 leaves almost exactly like its parent, showing in fruit and seed, characteristics of Black Hamburg, 

 but owing to the uneven ripening and the severe attacks of the Bunch Worm and Grape Curculio, 

 the variety is of little value, except for jelly. ( *T%). (See Plate LIL, page 162.) 



JEFFERSON, a cross of lona on Concord, by J. H. Ricketts, of Newburg, N. Y., brought 

 out early in the eighties of last century. ( *f). Vine fairly vigorous, foliage little subject to 

 mildew, and the fruit quite resistant to Black Rot: cluster large, compact; berries large, globose, 



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