northeastern kinds, which generally die out in from six to fifteen years, until a really profitable 

 list can now be had, altho many gaps in season and color still exist for future originators to fill. 



At this point you should diligently study Chapter III., which will well prepare you for 

 making the best selections for each section of the country. (Also see pages 212, 213, 217, 218, 

 219.) 



Setting the Vines 



Strong, healthy one-, or two-year-old plants never older, unless to save rare varieties 

 should be used. 



Cut the roots back to six or eight inches with sharp knife or shears, and top? to two or three 

 buds. Have all the plants thus prepared and tied in bundles of as many as there will be vines 

 in row, if the vineyard is to be of considerable size; each variety correctly labeled and separate. 

 Have the vines thus prepared, heeled in moist soil near where they are to be planted and arranged 

 in order in which they are to be set. 



With a turning plow let a careful man, going by stakes set in straight line at right angles 

 across the rows as already prepared, lay off straight furrows four feet apart. 



After the vineyard ground is thus laid off one way, set the stakes in a straight row, directly 

 over the line of buried poles, or the deep dead-furrow first made, which is now under where each 

 row is to stand. 



Let one person take the vines of the first variety, and if such be Delaware, Moore Early, 

 Ives, Concord, or other varieties of moderate growth, place a vine properly in every other cross 

 furrow, thus putting them eight feet apart along the row, while another person attends him with 

 a spade, and covers the roots carefully with mellow fine soil, finally pressing it down firmly 

 with the foot all round, leaving the two buds just above the surface of soil. If the variety is 

 Herbemont, Lenoir, or hybrids of these, or Post-Oak grape hybrids, set a vine in every third 

 cross-furrow, thus giving each twelve feet distance to next vine in the row. If the land is very 

 strong, these varieties will do better set sixteen feet apart one in every fourth cross-furrow 

 and will fill the entire space of trellis well with fruit, and fare much better than if set closer and 

 pruned shorter. 



Scuppernong, Thomas and others of the Muscadine varieties should never have less than 

 sixteen feet space. 



If any varieties have imperfect flowers, such as Brighton and some others, plant next row 

 to them in kinds with perfect flowers that bloom at the same time. (See table, pages 212, 213.) 



Recording the Vineyard 



After the vines are all thus carefully set, make a record of the plantation in a book for the 

 purpose, and preserve for future reference. It will save much confusion and be a great satisfaction 

 in comparing varieties. 



Varieties of grapes are less known and understood generally among nurserymen than are 

 varieties of almost any other class of fruits; hence you should be especially careful to secure 

 vines from thoroly posted and reliable growers. 



Trellising 



Numerous methods of trellising have been invented and practiced ; numerous books explain- 

 ing these methods have been published, yet improvements not given in the books have been 

 made. 



Years ago the writer went extensively into the study and testing of the various leading 

 methods in vogue, to determine, if possible, the most economical and the most efficient for com- 

 mercial vineyard purposes, and as a result found a trellis of his own invention, which with constant 

 use in his vineyards for over twenty years, has given much better results, with greater saving of 



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