2. Just before blooming time, spray thoroughly with Bordeaux 3 pounds copper sulphate, 

 3 pounds fresh lime, 2 pounds arsenate of lead to 45 or 50 gallons of water. 



3. Spray again in nine or ten days after second application, or just after the vines have 

 bloomed, with same material. 



4. Spray again just after grape harvest with same material as No. 2, to keep down late 

 mildew and Leaf-Folder. If any spraying is done between 3 and 4, use no arsenical poisons in 

 them. 



Be careful to use no arsenate on fruit after it is one-fourth grown, as poisoning might possibly 

 result from applications made near ripening time. As directed, no harm may be feared. All 

 spraying preparations should be kept constantly labeled POISON, and care be used in handling 

 and applying. 



To Make Bordeaux Mixture 



Dissolve two pounds of bluestone (copper sulphate) in fifteen gallons of water, by hanging 

 the bluestone in a coarse sack in the water over night, in a wooden vessel, tub, keg or barrel. 



Slake two pounds of strong fresh lime in water sufficient two or three gallons, in another 

 vessel; covered while slaking. When fully slaked, add enough water to bring up to fifteen 

 gallons, strain through burlap or fine wire screen, and let stand over night. 



Next morning take equal quantities of the bluestone solution and lime-wash and pour 

 slowly together into a barrel at the same time, so the streams intermingle thoroly, one person 

 pouring the lime-wash, another the bluestone solution, and a third stirring the intermingling 

 solutions all the time, using wooden vessels and wooden paddle. The result will be thirty gallons 

 of perfect Bordeaux. For insects as well as fungi, add one to two pounds arsenate of lead. 



This quantity will be sufficient to spray thoroly once, one hundred and fifty, to two 

 hundred average sized bearing vines, in foliage. For half so many vines use half the quantity 

 of each material, and for larger numbers of vines, proportionately larger quantities. 



For making large quantities, have large barrels, set up with faucets to empty, set in near 

 the bottoms, so they will flow together into a third vessel or vessels of wood holding as much as 

 desired. Have the bluestone solution in one of the fauceted barrels and the limewash in the 

 other in equal quantities. Open both faucets equally wide at the same time and stir the mixing 

 liquids all the time they are flowing together. 



Applying the Spray 



The sprays, applied either for insects or fungi, to be thoroly efficient, must be, not only 

 of proper chemicals, make and strength, but in the form of a fog, so as to move all among the 

 foliage and fruit, reaching every part. This requires high pressure force-pumps, of good make, 

 brass, or bra'ss-lined, and proper nozzles that evenly distribute the spray. Such are made by a 

 number of reliable manufacturers, and widely advertised, so names and descriptions need not be 

 mentioned here. The Auto-Sprayers are preferable to those requiring attention of the operator 

 in pumping. A knapsack sprayer will answer for family vineyards up to half an acre, but a 

 power sprayer is more economical for vineyards of several acres. 



A sprayer that sprinkles instead of fogs, is very inefficient and unsatisfactory. 



A liquid spray has been proven much more efficient than dust spray. 



By selecting, grafting, and judicious pruning, training and spraying, not only may the native 

 and hybrid grapes produce as grand and profitable results, but many of the fine Vinifera varieties 

 may be made to flourish and bear their gorgeous and luscious loads of nectar drops all through the 

 South, and in favorable locations with winter protection in much of the North in open ground 

 and our markets should be filled from June 15th to November with great variety and excellence 

 of this queen of all fruits. America is the native home of many times more good species of grapes 

 than all the world besides, and by natural rights ought to be the greatest grape country in the 

 world, and will be, when the fruit-growers wake up to the possibilities surrounding them. 



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