CARE OP ANIMALS 193 



expect their food and exercise. Changing suddenly the 

 time and manner of feeding disturbs the animal-, mak- 

 ing them restless and imoaij Changing the time or 

 manner of milking often has a bad effect on the quan- 

 tity 01 quality of milk. 



188. Exercise and Air. — All animals confined in 

 stables should be given a certain amount of daily exer- 

 cise and fresh air. Fattening cattle require but little 

 exercise, but they need fresh air and sunshine. Milch 

 cows do best when they have a few hours in which to 

 walk about and exercise their muscles. Animals con- 

 fined in close stalls have little opportunity to keep their 

 skins clean by licking themselves. The habit animals 

 have of licking their skins is as important to them as 

 bathing is -to human beings. When they cannot lick 

 tin -m-ekes they suffer as much or more than people' 

 wh<> have no opportunity o! washing their skins. Brush- 

 ing the animals each day may partially take the place 

 of their licking 1 . 



189. Exposure to the Weather. — Many persons ap- 

 pear to have the idea that dome-tic animal- can endure 

 without injury any amount oi I KpoauiC to the weather. 

 Horses that have become \<ry warm from much 



cise are left to cool off in the coldest weather with no 

 protection than their own moist -kin- Cattle 

 of all kinds and ages are left out to face the coldest 

 rds, or are kept in draughty stables. Many ani- 

 mal- can endure exposure of this kind, just as tome 

 persons of strong constitution can lurrife expo 

 that would kill most people, but the number of animals 



that die each year from exposure to the weather is 

 13 



