Appendices 381 



two thousand gallons an hour (700 gallons per minute) at the 

 end of an eight-inch pipe two thousand feet in length at an 

 altitude of thirty feet above the surface of the water. This 

 would give two hundred and fifty gallons to each of 168 trees 

 per hour, a little in excess of the equivalent of one inch of 

 rainfall. Ten hours' pumping, allowing 250 gallons to each 

 tree, would give a daily efficiency of the pumping machinery 

 equal to 1,680 trees, or fully sixteen acres a day. Excluding 

 the labour of handling the pipes, which was usually performed 

 by the owner of the orchard, the cost was f 5 per day. The 

 cash outlay, then, to'the orchardist, excluding his own labour, 

 was $5 per day for the application of 250 gallons to each of 

 1,680 trees through a pipe line two thousand feet in length. 

 At a greater elevation than thirty feet the efficiency of the 

 machinery was reduced. Careful arithmetical observation, 

 however, demonstrated the practicability of supplementing 

 the pumping station at the creek with pumps stationed at the 

 end of the pipe line to reach still higher elevations, and 

 practically demonstrated the superior economy and advisa- 

 bility of pumping as a substitute for ditches. Every portion 

 of an orchard, however uneven its surface, could be reached 

 with the pipe line, and from a single pumping station, where 

 the highest point of the land was below thirty-five feet eleva- 

 tion, approximately 500 acres of alfalfa could be irrigated. 

 The application of 27,000 gallons to each acre could be made 

 for 33J cents per acre. This is the equivalent of one inch of 

 rainfall, or the equivalent of three inches of rainfall on each 

 acre could be made for $1 per acre ; or the application of the 

 equivalent of one inch of rain at three different times in the 

 season for the same sum, not including the labour of moving the 

 machinery or the necessary movement of the pipes over the sur- 

 face of the land. The experiment brought plainly to view the 

 fact that at below thirty-five feet elevation above the surface 

 of the water the entire cost, including all the labour employed, 

 would be the equivalent of one inch of rain for forty cents an 

 acre, or at most $1.25 for the application of this one-inch 

 equivalent three times in a season. 



" The machinery used for these experiments was constructed 

 on a truck, movable from point to point, and the result ob- 



