Index 



409 



Rushes, 116, 179, 180 



dependent upon the wind, 



185 



flowers of, 182, 183 



knotty-leaved, 181 



pollen of, 185 



ripe seed-vessels of, 187, 188 



water, 180, 181, 185, 186, 187 



wood, 180, 182, 183 

 Ruskin quoted, 115 

 Rye, 103, 118, 151 



Salts, 105 



Salvia, 35 



Sand-bur, 169, 172 



Sand-binders, 154 



Sap, crude, 129, 395 



Sap, digested, 129 



Sap, elaborated, 395, 397 



Saw-palmetto, 329 



Scale-bark, 390 



Scale-leaves, 276 



Scale-like foliage, 272 



Scales of the bud, 57, 58, 87, 88 



of ferns, 261 



Scars left by bud-scales, 58, 59 

 Scotch cloth, 332 

 Scotland, national flower of, 



337 



Scouring rushes, 251 

 Scrub-pine, 295 

 Scypanthus elegans, 239 

 Sealing of leaf-scars in autumn, 



394, 395 



Sea-weeds, 97, 248 



Sea-sand reed, 153 



Sedges, 116, 179 



blossoms of, 139, 190 

 leaf arrangement of, 188 

 seed distribution of, 191 

 small value of, 196 



Seed, 22, 247, 249 



Seed-bearing scale, 297 



Seed-leaves, 119, 120 



Seed distribution of water- 

 rushes, 187 



Seeds of water-rushes, 185, 186 

 of wood-rushes, 185 



Seedling, 75, 120 



cone-bearers, 270, 271 



Seedlings, 73, 74, 86 



Selagi.ieila, 296 



Selaginella, archegonia of, 291 



prothalli of, 292 



spermatozoids of, 291 



spore of, 290, 291 

 Seniors of the forest, 285 

 Sensitive fern, 262, 265 

 Sepals, 21, 22 

 Sheaths of grasses, 158 

 Shear-grass, 188 

 Shepherd's purse, 376 

 Silence of the evergreen woods 



269 



Silene, 227 

 Silver fir, 274 



poplar, 50 



" Skeleton " of the leaf, 87 

 Sneeze-weed, 352 

 Snowdrop, 380 

 Soft-rush, 182 

 " Sommer-go>vk," 380 

 Sori, 261 

 Sorus, 261 

 Spadix, 143 

 Spathe, 140, 144 

 Spermatozoid, 25^ 

 Spermatozoids, 256 



of gingko, 296 

 Sphinx Carolina, 218 



convolvuli, 221 



moths, 202, 203 

 Spider-wort, 124 

 " Spike-rush," 193 

 Spikelet, 162, 164, 165 

 Spikelets, 162, 168 

 Spinach, 38 

 Spines, no, 323 

 Spore, structure of, 247, 249 

 Sporangia, 261, 262 

 Sparangium, 261, 262 

 Sporangium, development of in 

 true ferns, 265 



in adders' tongues, 266 

 Spore-bearing fronds of the 



sensitive fern, 265 

 Spring blossoms in late au- 

 tumn, 373, 375 

 '! Spring-wood," 134 

 Spruce, 270, 274 

 Spruces, 299 

 Spurges, no 

 Squirrel-tail grass, 169 

 Stamen, 20 



