Pioneering in Kootenay. 



2 75 



these riverine coups de theatre, for, of course, it was on the upper 

 part of the Columbia just below, and just above where the sportive 

 Toby Creek set all natural laws at defiance, that most of our 

 twenty-three days were spent.* 



There, too, we did the most execution among the sandbanks 

 and snags, and I am sure those coming after us found many a 

 well-known old mudbar shoved out of position, many a veteran 

 snag twisted from his well-known post of vantage ; at least if the 



THE UPPER COLUMBIA LAKE, THE SOURCE OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER, LOOKING 

 TOWARDS THE FOOTHILLS OF THE SELKIRK CHAIN. 



The photograph was taken from the Foothills of the Rockies 

 rising steeply. 



, vigour and frequency with which the broad-breasted Clinc 

 rammed them, counted for anything. There was no fooling about 

 it: with a full head of steam we went at them, and the safety valve 

 but there, I won't say what we did do with that self-same safety 



* There is one other river where this most singular phenomenon can be 

 observed, i.e., the Sumas river, which flows out of Sumas lake into the Fraser 

 river. When the latter rises very suddenly the current in the Sumas river is 

 reversed. 



T 2 



