76 FINAL ACT OF SECOND PAN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS. 



field inspectors are essential to determine the presence of animal diseases 

 and to assist in their control ; and a laboratory force is required in order 

 to furnish the administrative and field officers with correct and timely 

 scientific data concerning the character of the diseases with which they 

 have to contend. 



Topic (6). A live-stock sanitary service without satisfactory laws to 

 support it would be an anomaly, and while in any well-regulated service 

 the powers of the force should never be extended to the utmost, except 

 in cases of great emergency, the authority for the use of such powers 

 should be given, in order that it may be available when needed. This 

 authority should extend, as the item provides, to the control of common 

 carriers of animals and of animal products. A chapter from the experi- 

 ence of the United States in the recent outbreak of the foot-and-mouth 

 disease forcibly illustrates the importance of this provision. The spread 

 of the disease through twenty-two States of the North American Union 

 resulted from receiving infected animals at the Chicago stockyards, and 

 the presence of the contagion there before it was detected. From this 

 point it was spread over a large portion of the country by means of rail- 

 road shipments. 



Topic (c). An intelligent live-stock sanitary service must know what 

 communicable animal diseases are present in the country and where 

 they exist. If the conservation of the animal industry in the Western 

 Hemisphere is to be effectively applied, this information should be made 

 public as soon as it becomes known. This is a feature of the live-stock 

 sanitary service in many of the European countries and the United 

 States, and it is of great value. 



Topic (d). As a practical application of the "Golden Rule," a country 

 should be fully as solicitous in preventing the exportation of animal dis- 

 eases as it is in forbidding their importation. 



Topic (e) is one of the most important provisions of the resolution. 

 Communicable animal diseases are spread by means of infected animals 

 themselves, forage, and similar materials. If there is to be effective 

 control of animal diseases in the American countries, there must be 

 official supervision. The enforcement of this provision will make pos- 

 sible the opening up of trade between countries where now there is 

 none. A country which maintains a competent live-stock sanitary 

 service obviously can not trade with one concerning whose animal dis- 

 eases nothing is officially known without subjecting its own animal 

 industry to grave danger of infection. 



Topic (/). The point to which all countries are working through a 

 live-stock sanitary service is the control and, indeed, the eradication of 



