106 FINAL ACT OF SECOND. PAN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS. 



is delayed and the doors of the Academy are closed, but it is not too 

 much to hope that they will swing open on a happier morrow, and that 

 in the Peace Palace at The Hague, where justice is administered by the 

 Permanent Court of Arbitration between nation and nation, the prin- 

 ciples of international law will be taught by accredited teachers thereof 

 drawn from the various countries of the world to a student body 

 likewise coming from afar. 



ARTICLE 27. The Second Pan American Scientific Congress expresses the 

 opinion that the present development of higher education in the 

 American Republics and the place which they have now assumed 

 in the affairs of the society of nations justify and demand that the 

 study of the science and historic applications of international law 

 be treated on a plane of equality with other subjects in the cur- 

 riculum of colleges and universities, and that professorships or 

 departments devoted to its study be established where they do 

 not exist in every institutionof higher learning. 



The Congress calls attention to the development of the higher education 

 in the American Republics and to the place which these Republics 

 assume in the affairs of the society of nations. It squarely states its 

 measured judgment that international law is a science; that in its historic 

 applications it should stand upon a plane of equality with other studies in 

 the curriculum of American institutions of learning, and that professor- 

 ships or departments devoted to the study of international law of inter- 

 national relations should be created in every higher institution of learning 

 in the American Continent where they do not already exist. 



It has long been the habit of a certain type of mind to question the 

 existence of such a thing as international law. This type of mind, how- 

 ever, does not appear to have been represented in the Congress, and it is 

 authoritatively stated in this article by accredited representatives of the 

 Governments of the American Republics that international law does in 

 fact exist and that it should regulate their mutual intercourse; and in 

 the passage previously quoted from the Paquete Habana, on page 103 

 the Supreme Court of the United States solemnly declared international 

 law to be a part of the law of the United States and that it should be 

 applied in the decision of cases properly involving it. The judges of 

 this august tribunal are not ordinarily regarded as idealists but as men 

 of affairs and leaders of the bar who have achieved distinction in their 

 chosen profession. 



For the Western Continent the law of nations therefore exists. As 

 democracy comes to its own, the knowledge of international law becomes 



