108 FINAL ACT OF SECOND PAN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS. 



therefore supplements its general recommendations as to the value and 

 advisability of an adequate knowledge of international law by earnestly 

 recommending that courses of international law be offered in law schools, 

 which at present do not have thorough courses in that subject. 



ARTICLE 29. The Second Pan American Scientific Congress regards it as 

 highly desirable, upon the initiative of institutions where instruc- 

 tion in international law is lacking, to take steps toward providing 

 such instruction by visiting professors or lecturers, this instruc- 

 tion to be given in courses, and not in single lectures, upon sub- 

 stantive principles, not upon popular questions of momentary 

 interest, and in a scientific spirit, not in the interest of any propa- 

 ganda. 



It is of course one thing to know the defect and another to provide 

 the adequate remedy. In previous recommendations the Congress has 

 urged that international law be taught in the universities of the Americas, 

 and more especially in the law schools thereof, that international law 

 be placed upon a plane of equality with other branches of law and of 

 political science and that special departments be created for its teaching 

 and study. 



But it may be difficult or embarrassing to provide courses of instruc- 

 tion in the way previously recommended. Therefore the Congress, look- 

 ing through the form to the substance, recommended it as particularly 

 desirable that instruction should be given in international law by visit- 

 ing professors or lecturers, when for one reason or another it should be 

 found inconvenient or impossible to establish professorships and depart- 

 ments of international law. The Congress, however, recognizes the fact, 

 patent to all persons interested in education, that single lectures on 

 isolated subjects upon matters of momentary interest are not calculated 

 to impart a knowledge of or to create an interest in the law of nations. 

 Therefore, the Congress urges that courses of lectures, instead of single 

 lectures, be given and that these courses be devoted to the exposition of 

 substantive principles of international law, not to the elucidation, how- 

 ever interesting, of popular questions of passing interest. Above and 

 beyond all, the Congress urges that the courses of instruction be per- 

 meated with the scientific spirit and not conceived in the interest of 

 any propaganda, which, it is feared, would be detrimental to a scientific 

 method and would fail of its purpose to incline the minds and the hearts 

 of the students to the propaganda even if it were attempted so to do. 



