148 FINAL ACT OF SECOND PAN AMERICAN SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS. 



The fourth project looks to the creation of a continental intellectual 

 union, separate and distinct from the Pan American Union and from the 

 direction or control of the Governments of the American Republics, 

 although the Congress recommends the execution "either through the 

 instrumentality of the Pan American Union or by means of some other 

 existing agency or institution to be created." The chief solicitude of 

 the Congress was to commend the projects and to secure the establish- 

 ment of the Pan American Intellectual Union, including therein the 

 University Union, the Library Union, and the Archaeological Union, which 

 have been set forth at length, and to unite the various associations of 

 a scientific character which already exist or which will be formed in 

 the different American Republics in such a way that they might be 

 gathered into groups and assigned to appropriate sections of the Intel- 

 lectual Union. 



In commending the project for the formation of a Pan American In- 

 tellectual Union, the Congress did not commit itself to any particular 

 method of creating it, but the proposal itself which was approved by 

 the Congress advocates the formation of the Union as separate and dis- 

 tinct from a governmental union of any kind, whether existing or to be 

 created, and to be supported by private funds, not by contributions from 

 the Governments. This does not mean that the project repudiates cooper- 

 ation of the Governments, because it specifically requests the Governments 

 to appoint official delegates to the Congresses of the Union, to be called 

 every five years. But the partisans of the project believed, and therefore 

 stated, that science should not be controlled, although it may be fostered, 

 by Governments, and that the spiritual and intellectual activities of the 

 peoples of America can best be stimulated by a Union called into being 

 and controlled by representatives of the scientific and scholarly thought 

 of the Americas, without the domination, control, or interference of the 

 Governments thereof. The project, however, uses no uncertain lan- 

 guage, and should be left to speak for itself. It therefore follows in full : 



The undersigned members of the Congress, having taken cognizance of 

 the three projects presented by certain delegations looking to the formation 

 of three inter- American unions: One of the universities, another of the 

 libraries, and another of archaeological museums, consider that a fourth 

 and more comprehensive one, a Pan American Intellectual Union, should, 

 in its turn, be proposed to embrace these organizations and to include 

 other bodies devoted to the various branches of human knowledge, and 

 which are in harmony with the continental point of view. 



The existing Pan American Union constitutes an official organization, 

 the creature of an international treaty among the different Nations of 

 America and governed by the combined official representatives of all of 

 them. It is proper to say, therefore, that it is an institution essentially 



