164 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 



National Ekonomie [political economy], with a special view 

 to the treatment of forests so as to promote the prosperity 

 of the community, Forstliche Rechtskunde [the existing 

 laws and regulations relative to forests, game, and fishing, 

 the rights of property, &c.] 



' II. Physical science : forest botany, forest zoology, and 

 elements of mineralogy and of geology. 



III. Geodesy, or land surveying, mainly practised by 

 exercises in measurements in forests throughout the 

 summer. 



' IV. Rural economy : general instructions in all matters 

 relating to agriculture, &c. 



' V. Civil engineering : principally road-making, and 

 construction of pontoons and floating bridges. 



' VI. Forest mathematics, or the application of mathe- 

 matical principles to forest economy. 



'VII. Park-keeping and scientific administration of 

 forests. 



' VIII. Drawing of maps, charts, and plans, and prac- 

 tical exercises, &c., in all forest work, and everything also 

 relating to the management of State forests. 



' These are all still the subjects of study ; and previous 

 to entering the Institution every student must have passed 

 the final examination at the University of Helsingfors; 

 and therefore he must have become acquainted with the 

 first elements of the various branches of physical science, 

 so that all the studies here are now directed towards the 

 practical and professional application to forestry of what 

 has been attained previously and otherwise. 



' From the loth of June to the 1st of November nearly 

 the whole time is spent by the students in practical work 

 in the forests, principally in measuring forests, pre- 

 paring charts, and in woiks of taxation, as explained 

 above. 



' During the months of winter lectures are delivered, as 

 in the university, and thus are occupied at least twenty- 

 one hours a week, A special law enjoins that the students 



