196 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 



In the instructions for the management of Crown 

 forests, issued under date of 13th May 1859, [ante p. 119, 

 pp. 132-138], prescriptions were given of the size of wood 

 to which timber required for different purposes should 

 be confined. 



In these prescriptions shipbuilding timber is classified 

 thus : 



(a.) Mast timber. Pine trunks, of straight growth, free 

 from twist or shake, at least 70 feet long, and 21 decimal - 

 tinns or feults~ one-tenth of a Finnish foot in diameter 

 at 6 feet above the root, with an upper diameter of 12f 

 dec., and at the centre of equilibrium, 20 feet or more 

 from the top, a diameter of at least 15 dec. 



(6.) Large mast spars of pine wood, 68 feet in length, 

 with a diameter of 1 9| dec. 6 feet from the root, and a 

 diameter of 124 at the upper end. 



(c.) Lesser mast spars of pine, 60 feet long, with diameter 

 6 feet from the root of 18 dec., and a diameter of 11^ dec. 

 at the upper extremity. 



(d.) Large yard spars of pine or fir, free from twist, 70 

 feet long, with a diameter 6 feet from the root of 20| dec., 

 and a diameter at upper extremity of 10J dec., with n 

 diameter at half the length of 15J dec. 



(e.) Top-gallant mast yards of pine or fir, of the length 

 of 70 feet, with a diameter, at centre of equilibrium, of 1 '2 

 dec., and of 7 dec. at top. 



(/.) Bowsprits of pine ; the greater 42 feet long, with a 

 diameter at 6 feet above the root of 25 dec. ; the lesser 

 36 feet long, with a diameter of 22| dec. 6 feet above the 

 root, and at the top of 15 J dec. 



(#.) Keel timber of pine or fir, at least 36 feet long, and 

 a diameter of at least 17 dec. 



(7t.) Rudder beams of pine or fir, heart wood, at least 

 30 feet long, and at least 15 dec. in diameter. 



(V.) Deck balks of pine : the larger 30 feet long, 7 to 

 7| dec. in breadth, and 19 dec. in thickness ; the lesser 

 24 feet long, 4 to 4j dec. in breadth, and 12f dec. in 

 thickness, 



