232 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 



Hydrology of South Africa* I have had occasion to 

 state : 



' In many atlases published in illustration of physical 

 geography there may be found maps representing the 

 results of observations carefully made by scientific men of 

 similiar changes in various parts of the world, horizontal 

 lines being employed to indicate areas of subsidence, while 

 those of elevation are marked by vertical lines, and inter- 

 mediate districts of indecision are pointed out by crossings 

 of the two sets of lines. 



1 By a representation of these already spoken of, it 

 appears, as has been intimated, that throughout the 

 region of the West Indies, and the western coast of Mexico 

 and South Africa, and throughout a triangular space, 

 included by a line through these places, subtending an 

 angle at and including the Sandwich Islands, a right 

 angled triangle, measuring upwards of ] 00 of longitude, 

 and 75 of latitude, the land and ocean bed are rising ; that, 

 throughout an irregularly formed figure, including Australia 

 and the islands of the south Pacific, 145 of longitude and 

 75 of latitude, the land and ocean bed are being depressed]; 

 that, throughout the Gulf of Bengal, the China Sea, and 

 east to the Carolina's, including Sumatra, Borneo, and the 

 Phillipine Islands, the land is being elevated, which is also 

 the case in the Mauritius, Madagascar, and along the east 

 coast of Africa, while that portion of the Indian Ocean 

 which lies between these and the west coast of India is 

 being depressed. 



times to the present day, is traced by indications supplied by geological formations, by 

 the physical geography or general contour of the country, and by arborescent produc- 

 tions in the interior, with results confirmatory of the opinion that the appropriate 

 remedies are irrigation, arboriculture, and an improved forest economy ; or the erection 

 of dams to prevent the escape of a portion of the rainfall to the sea the abandonment 

 or restriction of the burning of the herbage and bush in connection with pastoral and 

 agricultural operations th conservation and extension of existing forests and the 

 adoption of measures similiar to the r6boisement and gazonnement carried out in France, 

 with a view to prevent the formation of torrents and the destruction of property occa- 

 sioned by them. London : Henry S. King & Co. 1875. 



