66 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 



study, together with the production of these by heat, and 

 by enervated obstacles. 



And he writes, ' After thus crossing the trough in 

 which the Baltic lies at six different points : after 

 travelling round the whole peninsula, and crossing 

 the isthmus ; after taking a peep at the Russian side, 

 fishing, and copying rock forms everywhere, a glacial theory 

 had formed insensibly. Either the hills of Sweden had 

 been covered with land glaciers, which made one big 

 glacier in the Baltic, or the hills were so covered, and the 

 sea was up to their bases, and loaded with ice-floats 

 which moved down the Baltic, over Southern Sweden, and 

 into the German Ocean. In any case numerous ice- 

 grooves point across the road, and along the coast-line, 

 instead of pointing up at the mountains, which they 

 would do if made by glaciers like those on the Alps.' 



Writing of Trollhattan he says, ' It is a large water 

 slide a slide not a fall, and the rocks beside it are 

 striated. Large lakes, through which the steamer 

 passes, are full of great stones, some of which are 

 balanced upon the backs of rocks, and rise above water ; 

 others are piled in heaps, which form circular islands, 

 long mounds and long shallow channels through which 

 the steamer is guided by poles stuck up for beacons. All 

 the rocks seen were of ice-ground forms, but land glaciers 

 will not account for them. 



' Any good map will show that all the chief rock-basins 

 and rock -grooves in Sweden, between lat. 60 and 56 N. ; 

 all the chief lakes, and chains of lakes, and most of the 

 large rivers, and main roads (which are made in hollows), 

 point N.E. and N.N.E., up into the Baltic, and at the 

 isthmus which cuts the Baltic from the Polar basin. 

 Nothing here points at the hills. 



' The shape of the Baltic, its coast forms fjords and 

 islands are copies of the lakes. There are the same 

 rocks, the same circular islands, the same low hills, fading 

 away into a blue sea, in which the same roads fringe a 

 tideless coast. The maps show the same physical 



