276 THE FOREST LANDS OF FINLAND. 



(Lonicera tartarica L.), have been cultivated at Ul eaborg 

 65 1'. 



The willow-leaved spiraea (Spircea salicifolia L.), the 

 rowan-leaved spiraea {Spircea sorbifolia L.), the floweriDg 

 bramble (Rubus oderatus L.), the barberry (Berberis vul- 

 garisii.), the snowberry (Symphoricarpus racemosus Michx.), 

 and the red berried elder (Sambucus racemosa L.), have 

 been cultivated at Ny-Karleby, 63 23', and at Jakobstad, 

 63 40'; the tacamahac (Populus balsamifera L.), the 

 abele tree (Populus alba L.), and the perfoliate honey- 

 suckle (Lonicera caprifolium L.), have been cultivated at 

 Bjorneborg, 51 30'. The hazel (Corylus avellana L.) is 

 found on the west up to 61 40', on the east to 61 80'. 

 On the south and south-east coast it is very common ; and 

 so is the horse chestnut (jEsculus hippocastanum L.), but 

 this does not appear to bear the climate north of 61. 



These shrubs and trees are species which it has been 

 tried to cultivate throughout almost the whole country, 

 even in gardens of limited extent. A great many other 

 species besides these are to be found in gardens of greater 

 extent >nd in parks ; but this most frequently in the 

 southern parts of the country. 



Amongst rarer kinds may be mentioned the butter nut 

 (Juglaus cinerea L.), which has been cultivated at Eriksnas, 

 in the parish of Sibbo, 60 17', for so long a time that a 

 tree produced from seed of one of the older trees has had 

 time to attain a height of 30 feet ; of the walnut (Juglans 

 vegia L,), at Svarta, parish of Kan's, 60 8', there is a tree 

 15 feet in height; the hornbeam (Carpinus betula) is 

 grown at Fiskars, parish of Pojo, 60 8' ; tho beech (Fagus 

 silvatica L.), cultivated in some places in the south in 

 Finland, appears to have attained at Fagervik, 60 2', the 

 dimensions of a small tree ; the most northern place in 

 which it has been cultivated is Frugard, about 60 30'. 

 Planted there about a hundred years ago, it has continued 

 to grow till now, but it is only a shrub a few feet in 

 height, 



