LIFE OF FLOWER 105 



group the Gyrencephaia. 1 As will be seen from the 

 above quotation, this result was very largely due to the 

 work of Flower, although it was brought into prominent 

 notice by the superior fighting powers of Huxley, who 

 was also an older, and at the time at anyrate, a better- 

 known man. It may be added that Flower himself 

 subsequently abandoned the use of the term " Quadru- 

 mana," as distinguishing apes and monkeys on the one 

 hand from man, as " Bimana," on the other, and 

 brigaded all altogether under their Linnaean title " Pri- 

 mates." 



The contributions of Flower to our knowledge of 

 (and, it may be added, to the clearing up of miscon- 

 ceptions in regard to) the mammalian brain, was, how- 

 ever, by no means confined to the Primates (man, apes, 

 monkeys, and lemurs). On the contrary, his researches 

 were of equal if not indeed of more importance with 

 regard to the structure of that organ in the lower 

 groups of the class, namely the marsupials and the 

 monotremes (duckbill platypus and spiny ant-eater). 



In the well-known Reade Lecture of 1859, Professor 

 Owen expressed himself as follows with regard to the 

 brain of the two groups last mentioned : 



"Prior to the year 1836, it was held by comparative 

 anatomists that the brain in mammalia differed from that 

 in all other vertebrate animals by the presence of the 



1 From the extract from Professor M*Intosh's notice of Flower's work 

 above cited, it might be inferred that Owen first proposed the terms 

 Archencephala, Gyrencephaia, etc., at the Cambridge Meeting of the 

 British Association in 1862. This is not so, as these terms were used by 

 him in a paper read before the Linnaean Society in 1857, and also in his 

 Reade Lecture " On the Classification and Geographical Distribution of 

 the Mammalia," delivered at Cambridge on loth May, 1859, and pub- 

 lished in London (by J. W. Parker) as a separate volume the same year. 



