INTELLECT OF ANIMALS. 15 



doubtedly the case. Why else does the dog recog- 

 nise his master? Why is he often seen to look 

 depressed when that master is away, and to start up, 

 all bustle and animation, when his step is heard? 

 Why did the camelopard appear delighted when 

 he recognised among the crowd a native of the 

 country whence he came, if the sight of him did not 

 call up past scenes, and the recollection of the 

 boundless plains on which his eyes first opened to 

 the light ? Whence, if the animal had not memory, 

 gratitude too, and the delight arising from the pre- 

 sence of a benefactor, were the emotions shown by 

 the lion of Androcles, in ancient times ; in modern 

 ones, the joy evinced by the noble tiger at Oatlands, on 

 hearing the well-known voice of the soldier who had 

 taken care of him during his voyage from India? 

 We have degraded the animals over whom the Most 

 High has given man supremacy, by considering them 

 as solely occupied in providing for their wants ; or, 

 when domesticated, as only ministering to ourselves. 

 Man, formed in the image of his Maker, stands pre- 

 eminent at the head of creation the Lord breathed 

 into him the breath of life, and he became a living 

 soul ; while out of the ground were formed every 

 beast of the field, and every fowl of the air, and 

 these were successively named by Adam as they 

 passed before him. Yet even to them much is 

 given, and whoever is acquainted with their habits 

 must acknowledge the difficulty of distinguishing 

 between that which we term instinct and a cer- 

 tain portion of reason. Their Creator has assigned 

 to them not only the capability of fear and love, 

 gratitude, memory, and the desire to avoid suf- 



