WHEAT 



35 



Philippines, Equatorial Africa, Brazil, and Costa Rica, 

 and near to the Arctic Circle in Europe and North America. 

 Four years ago British East Africa began supplying wheat 

 almost sufficient for its own needs, and the crop also did 

 well in Uganda and Nigeria. The Scoptsi people have 

 succeeded with wheat and other cereals north of Yakutsk 

 in Siberia. In Finland and Scandinavia even winter 

 wheat reaches over sixty degrees north, and in Canada, 

 spring wheat has succeeded well at Ft. Simpson 818 

 miles north of Winnipeg. At Ft. Vermilion, almost 

 600 miles north of Winnipeg, a flour mill has been in opera- 

 tion many years. Onega wheat thrives near Archangel ; 

 while Romanov and Fife mature grain in 100 days at 

 Fairbanks, Alaska, two degrees from the Arctic Circle. 

 (Georgeson, 1914, p. 28.) 



41. Classification. There are in cultivation, eight 

 groups of wheat varieties, generally recognized, with 

 botanical names and relative rank, according to Hackel 

 (1896, pp. 180-187), as follows :- 



monococcum, Linn., einkorn or one-kerneled wheat, 

 dicoccum, Schr., emmer. 

 spelta, Linn., spelt. 



Triticum \ sativum, Lam. vulgare, VilL, common wheat. 



compactum, Host., club wheat, 

 turgidum, Linn., poulard wheat, 

 durum, Desf., durum wheat, 

 polonicum, Linn., polish wheat. 



It will be seen that only three of these groups are con- 

 sidered by Hackel to be distinct species. The least de- 

 serving of specific rank is T. compactum, which can hardly 

 be called even a subspecies. In this volume each will 

 be discussed as a separate agronomic group, without 

 regard to specific rank. 



tenax 



