44 THE SMALL GRAINS 



(TRITICUM VULGARE FULIGINOSUM, AL.) 



20. Awned, pubescent black chaff, red kernels. 



Soft or Semi-hard Winter Batala Red, Black Velvet 

 Chaff, Kunjhari, Muzaffargarh, Multan Dagar, Desi 

 Red, Persian Black. 



46. Club or dwarf wheats (Triticum compaction, Host). 

 - Though this group of wheats cannot properly be given 

 even the rank of a subspecies botanically, yet the differ- 

 ent varieties in the field appear quite as distinct from the 

 common wheats as do many of those of the distinct sub- 

 species. There is also considerable variation within 

 the group. In the names of almost all varieties in this 

 country, the word " club " appears, but in foreign coun- 

 tries they are often called dwarf wheats. In this group 

 the plant is very erect, with a stiff, usually rather short, 

 culm, attaining an average height of probably little more 

 than 2 feet. These wheats are awned or awnless, the 

 awned varieties usually being native in hot countries. 

 The spikes are extremely short as a rule, thicker at the 

 apex than at the base, often squarely formed and in some 

 varieties much broader and flattened on the furrow side, 

 kernels commonly white but sometimes red. The spike- 

 lets are set extremely close together, often standing almost 

 at right angles to the rachis, three- to five-kerneled, some- 

 times with four kernels nearly throughout the spike. 

 The outer and inner chaff are much the same as .in the 

 common wheats. The kernels are usually short and rather 

 small, sometimes round, white or red, often boat-shaped, 

 and occasionally appear much like those of hulless barley. 

 The peculiar structure of the spike in these wheats allows 

 them to be comparatively large yielders, which is natu- 

 rally an important characteristic. They are very deceptive 

 in this respect, the shortness of the spike leading one to 



