100 THE SMALL GRAINS 



varieties, and from that standpoint, the latter would ap- 

 pear to belong to those subspecies. They are, however, 

 quite different in respect to the spikelet axis, which is 

 so far prolonged that the number of flowers is increased, 

 the uppermost of which exceed the glumes. The lemma, 

 like the glumes, is thin, membranous. In the lowest 

 spikelets the flowers are less numerous and may not exceed 

 the glumes. The caryopsis is proportionally large. The 

 hulless oats and Polish wheats are called by one authority 

 " fixed monstrosities." The few varieties are as follows : 



(AVENA NUDA INERMIS, KCKE.) 



1. Panicle spreading, awnless, chaff pale yellow. 



Large Hulless, Mongolian, Small Hulless. 



(AVENA NUDA CHINENSIS, FlSCH.) 



2. Panicle spreading, awned. 



Chinese Hulless. J 



(A VENA NUDA GYMNOCARPA, KCKE.) 



3. Panicle one-sided, awnless, chaff pale yellow. 



Large Side Hulless. 



(A VENA NUDA VAR.) 



4. Panicle one-sided, awned, chaff pale yellow. 



Tatarian Hulless. 



91. Red or Mediterranean oats (Avena algeriensis, 

 Trab.). The red oats, also called sterile, Mediterranean, 

 Algerian, Italian, Turkish, and Rustproof oats, are, as 

 above stated, derived from Avena sterilis, but form at 

 present a cultivated subspecies considerably modified 

 from the original species. Trabut (1911) has given it 



