BARLEY 117 



to 30, and varies in different varieties, but still more 

 following different rates of seeding. A change of environ- 

 ment also has great effect. It has been observed that 

 Manchuria and Smyrna White barleys, when spaced 4X8 

 inches, average 2.9 and 6.1 culms to the plant respectively, 

 when spaced 4X4 inches, average 2.7 and 4.5, and when 

 spaced 4X2 inches, average 1.3 and 2.3. The six-row 

 varieties average a greater number of culms to the plant in 

 Minnesota than in California, the two-row varieties the 

 reverse (Harlan, 1914, pp. 12-13). The leaves are rolled 

 in the bud, and in young plants are usually twisted to 

 the right. The leaf sheath is round and split to the base. 



109. The leaves of barley are as a rule slightly broader 

 than those of the other small cereals, and are generally 

 gray-green in color. The leaf blade is lanceolate-linear, 

 gradually acuminate ; surface harsh above, with a 

 prominent middle nerve below and about twelve strong 

 side nerves ; the base of blade not ciliated, pale or some- 

 times reddish brown; auricles larger than those of any 

 other cereal. The ligule is short, truncate, or somewhat 

 advanced in the middle but quite obtuse and sloping 

 away to the ends ; not toothed, only having the margins 

 weakly uneven ; sometimes with separate blunt projec- 

 tions ; in other cases with very short fine teeth ; glabrous, 

 except extremely short scattering hairs on the margin 1 

 (Fig. 35). 



110. Spikes or heads. Barley in head resembles 

 very much certain awned wheat varieties. The spikes 

 are without a terminal spikelet, and are generally simple, 



1 The nature of the leaf and date of formation of first leaves 

 and tillers in the young plant have not been given sufficient 

 attention, even less the progressive behavior of winter varieties 

 during winter. 



