RYE 155 



(SECALE CEREALE DUPLOFUSCUM, KCKE.) 



4. Spikes simple, dark brown. 



Winter Erzerum Dark Brown. 



(SECALE CEREALE MONSTROSUM, KCKE.) 



5. Spikes composite. 



Winter Turkey Composite, Monster. 



148. Distribution in North America. The production 

 of rye in North America is the smallest of all cereals except 

 buckwheat and rice.' From about the close of the civil 

 war the rye crop in the United States decreased up to 1874, 

 then began increasing again, but did not reach 30 million 

 bushels until 1891, and not until 1913 did it attain to 

 40 million bushels. The bulk of the present rye production 

 falls approximately into one continuous district, including 

 the following states and province : New York, Ontario, 

 Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, a 

 part of Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, 

 North Dakota, and portions of Kansas and South Dakota. 

 Much the largest production of any state or province is in 

 Wisconsin, while this state with Michigan, Minnesota, 

 and Pennsylvania produce about half of all the rye of the 

 United States. Ontario produces about twice as much as 

 all other Canadian provinces together. In the southern 

 states and New England, rye is grown chiefly for hay, 

 pasture, and soil improvement. 



149. Varieties. The crop being comparatively un- 

 important, not much investigation of rye has been done 

 in this country, but much study of this cereal has been 

 conducted in Europe, particularly in Germany and 

 Austria. In Minnesota a test of 8 years at the State 



