166 



THE SMALL GRAINS 



durum wheat still sold at a great discount, but the acre 

 yield was so much greater than that of 

 ordinary spring wheat that its cultivation 

 was nevertheless profitable. Since 1910 

 Kubanka, a large part of the time, has 

 sold at a premium, as great as its previous 

 discount, and appears now to be as well 

 established commercially as agriculturally. 



157. Previous opposition to hard wheats. 

 -The hard wheats stand to-day in the 



highest class, in most countries. Both the 

 wheat and the flour sell at the highest 

 prices. About or nearly half the total 

 wheat production of North America is of 

 these wheats. Nevertheless each of the 

 three previously discussed hard wheats in 

 its introduction met with intense opposi- 

 tion commercially. The causes of the 

 opposition were chiefly the difficulty of 

 grinding and the large proportion of oil 

 and ash accompanied by a darker color of 

 the flour, and in some cases a lack of ex- 

 pansion in baking. In the case of each 

 wheat these objections have either become 

 less serious or have been gradually over- 

 come by changes in milling and baking 

 machinery and methods of manufacture. 



158. Introductions into Michigan. In 

 Michigan there was an energetic move- 

 ment for a decade or longer to obtain 

 hardy winter sorts, which resulted in a 

 8 Teat improvement not only for that state 



wheat, but for adjoining territory. The millers 



Fl son 8 ' 

 Chaff 



