256 THE SMALL GRAINS 



for ten meteorological stations representing the eastern 

 and southern Chernozem, and also similar data for nine 

 stations corresponding to these in the Great Plains. For 

 contrast with humid regions, similar facts are also given 

 for three points in the eastern United States. 



273. Temperature. Interesting contrasts are shown 

 by the temperature figures for the Chernozem region. 

 Great extremes of heat in July are opposed by just as 

 great extremes of cold in January, while the yearly means 

 are normally very low. Similar extreme conditions are 

 found in the northern and central Great Plains, of which 

 probably the best examples are at Huron, Bismarck, and 

 Moorhead. The extremes at these points are not quite 

 as severe, however, as at Orenburg, Samara, and Ufa, 

 in the Chernozem, where the July temperatures are 

 especially high, considering the very low winter temper- 

 atures. Points in the Volga River region having cor- 

 respondingly low winter and mean-annual temperatures 

 always show a July temperature a little higher than those 

 of the Great Plains. The figures for the points in the 

 humid region of the eastern United States contrast strik- 

 ingly with those for the plains regions. Though the Jan- 

 uary and mean-annual temperatures at Samara and Oren- 

 burg, Russia, are much lower than those at Oswego and 

 Eastport, on the other hand the July temperatures at the 

 former places are higher than July temperatures at the 

 latter. The January and July extremes at Orenburg and 

 Sarepta are remarkable. Orenburg, with a January 

 normal extremely low and an annual mean normally 

 nearly 5 degrees lower than Oswego, yet possesses a July 

 normal over 1.5 degrees higher. The January normal 

 at Lynchburg is above freezing and the normal yearly 

 mean over 6 degrees higher than at Sarepta, yet the latter 



