CEREAL PESTS INSECTS 489 



first. When full grown, they separate and become prac- 

 tically solitary feeders. This species ordinarily causes no 

 considerable damage, but may rarely sever the green por- 

 tion of the culm just below the spike, thus causing some loss. 

 When any of the sawflies becomes a real pest, it can be 

 largely controlled by turning all stubble land under deeply 

 in the fall or winter, preventing the larvae from escaping. 



INSECTS ATTACKING STORED GRAIN 



It is estimated that the annual damage by insects to all 

 stored grain in the United States, including corn, is over 

 50 million dollars. Nearly all insects feeding on stored 

 grain have been introduced, and are of world-wide distribu- 

 tion. They are largely indigenous to the tropics, and do 

 not thrive in the northern states and Canada, but are ac- 

 climated in the South, and there do their greatest damage. 

 Three species, the granary weevil, rice weevil, and Angou- 

 mois grain moth, live normally throughout their early 

 stages in the cereal kernel. The other species live not 

 only on grain in the kernel, but on manufactured flour, 

 meal, and other cereal products. 



532. The granary weevil (Calandra granaria, Linn.). - 

 This weevil is one of the oldest of injurious insects. Be- 

 coming domesticated ages ago, it has long since lost the 

 use of its wings, and is strictly an indoor species. The 

 mature weevil is i to ^ inch long, chestnut-brown in color, 

 thorax sparsely punctured longitudinally, head prolonged 

 into a long snout or proboscis, with mandibles at the end, 

 antennae elbowed, attached to the snout; larva legless, 

 considerably shorter than the adult, white, very robust 

 and fleshy; pupa white, clear, transparent, and exhibit- 

 ing the general characters of the future beetle (Fig. 154). 



