570 THE SMALL GRAINS 



mon barley. Chevalier is the commercial term applied 

 to two-row barley. 



627. Difficulties of commercial classification. In the 

 older districts and as grain production increases, the 

 number of varieties generally grown are reduced to a 

 very few of each cereal, and commercial classification 

 becomes simple. Where the question of best varieties 

 is unsettled, and foreign sorts are being introduced, and 

 particularly where many new hybrids are put on the 

 market, much difficulty is encountered, and commercial 

 classes are always changing. For example, at Portland, 

 Oregon, the class of White Walla wheat includes at present 

 white kerneled clubs, white kerneled hybrids, Sonora, and 

 occasionally Gold Coin (Forty-fold). Gold Coin is also 

 frequently accepted for Bluestem, while one can only be 

 certain of delivery of real Bluestem by calling for Mill- 

 ing Bluestem. The class of Red Walla includes the 

 varieties Red Russian, red kerneled hybrids, Jones Winter 

 Fife (when mixed), and even Turkey. The last two are 

 secured without question only on special orders, and when 

 designating the pure product. At this market brewing 

 barleys are divided into Blue Brewing and White Brewing. 



628. Grading. At the boards-of-trade and grain 

 exchanges, each of the classes of grain is given usually 

 four different grades. The principal requirements for 

 grade No. 1 of each class are, that it shall have the proper 

 color, shall be sound, dry, plump, clean, sometimes 

 bright, sweet, sometimes shall contain at least a certain 

 percentage of grain of the class, sometimes shall contain 

 not more than a certain percentage of other grain or 

 foreign matter or dirt, and usually shall weigh a certain 

 designated number of pounds to the bushel. The lower 

 grades must usually possess these requirements to a little 



